Studi Eksperimental Unjuk Kerja AC Split Menggunakan R22, Propana 99,5% dan Propana 95,5%
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36499/jim.v21i1.13773Keywords:
R22, Propana,COP, efisiensi energi, refrigeran alternative.Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dan membandingkan unjuk kerja sistem pendingin udara (AC split) yang menggunakan tiga jenis refrigeran berbeda, yaitu R22 (refrigeran konvensional), propana dengan kemurnian 99,5%, dan propana dengan kemurnian 95,5%. Studi ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan menggunakan sistem AC split kapasitas 1 PK dalam kondisi operasi standar. Parameter utama yang dianalisis meliputi tekanan kerja, temperatur kondensor dan evaporator, daya listrik yang dikonsumsi, koefisien performa (COP), serta efisiensi energi sistem secara keseluruhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa propana 99,5% memberikan performa termal yang mendekati R22 dan memiliki efisiensi energi yang lebih baik, disertai dengan penurunan konsumsi daya sebesar ±10%. Sementara itu, propana 95,5% menunjukkan performa yang relatif lebih rendah dibandingkan propana 99,5%, meskipun tetap berada dalam batas operasional yang aman. COP Propana 99.5% dengan pengisian 50% paling tinggi, namun pada Propana 99.5% dengan massa 40% paling stabil dan memiliki nilai yang tinggi, kemudian disusul oleh Propana 95% dengan Massa 60%. Sedangkan Propana 95% dengan pengisian 30%, 40% dan 50% mempunyai COP yang lebih rendah. Penggunaan propana sebagai alternatif refrigeran ramah lingkungan menunjukkan potensi besar dalam mengurangi dampak pemanasan global akibat refrigeran konvensional. Dengan demikian, propana terutama dengan kemurnian tinggi dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai alternatif pengganti R22 dalam sistem pendingin AC split, dengan catatan perlunya pengujian lanjutan terhadap aspek keselamatan dan kompatibilitas material.
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