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Abstract
This study aimed to identify the biomechanical indicators most strongly associated with the effectiveness of dynamic balance during the performance of compound feints and to develop a verifiable predictive model. The proposed protocol initially targets the recruitment of 67 players to retain approximately 60 complete cases; however, this number is not considered a definitive sample-size calculation. Prior to data collection, the minimum required sample size should be determined based on the number of model parameters, a conservative anticipated R², the targeted shrinkage, and the desired precision for estimating the mean and residual variance, with recalculation performed if adjustment variables or interaction terms are added.
Each player performs five standardized trials using two synchronized force platforms combined with three-dimensional motion analysis. The median of valid trials is used as the primary unit of analysis. Center-of-pressure velocity, sway area, time to stabilization (TTS), and trunk–pelvis separation are measured, while two blinded assessors independently assign an effectiveness score without access to the instrument-derived measurements or the attacking outcome.
To illustrate the analytical procedures and evaluate the model structure prior to field implementation, a reproducible illustrative dataset comprising 60 cases was used. The outputs demonstrated inverse associations between center-of-pressure velocity and TTS and effectiveness, whereas trunk–pelvis separation showed a positive association with effectiveness. The model explained 77.8% of the apparent variance, while the optimism-corrected bootstrap-adjusted R² was 0.760, and the optimism-corrected RMSE was 4.41 degrees. These findings are presented as preliminary analytical outputs intended to test the model procedures prior to their application to field-collected data.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Majid Hasan Ali Jabr
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References
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- 11. Fransz, D. P., Huurnink, A., de Boode, V. A., Kingma, I., & van Dieën, J. H. (2015). Time to stabilization in single leg drop jump landings: An examination of calculation methods and assessment of differences in sample rate, filter settings and trial length on outcome values. Gait & Posture, 41(1), 63–69.
References
1. Bastawisi, A. (1996). Foundations and Theories of Movement. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
2. Hassanein, M. S. (2004). Measurement and Evaluation in Physical and Sports Education (6th ed.). Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
3. Abdullah, I. M., & Badawi, B. A. A. (2006). Kinesiology and Biomechanics: Between Theory and Application. Dar Al-Wafaa for Printing and Publishing.
4. Allawi, M. H., & Rateb, O. K. (1999). Scientific Research in Physical Education and Sports Psychology. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
5. Ghazi, A. W., & Hassoun, M. (2019). The effect of physical exertion on the performance of selected motor abilities and defensive movements among handball players aged 16–17 years. Journal of Physical Education, 31(1), 90–99. https://doi.org/10.37359/JOPE.V31(1)2019.816
6. Khan Afdal, S. A., & Hami, A. Q. M. (2023). Predicting handball skill performance through optimism. Journal of Physical Education, 35(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.37359/JOPE.V35(1)2023.1360
7. Maseer Yaseen, A. (2012). Selected physical capacities of the lower-limb muscles and their relationship with dynamic balance among Muay Thai players. Journal of Physical Education, 24(3), 13.
8. Issa, N. S. (2012). The effect of a training program for developing specific physical abilities and their relationship with the long-distance jump-shot skill in handball. Journal of Physical Education, 24(3), 26.
9. Burger, A., Vrdoljak, D., Foretić, N., Spasić, M., & Pavlinović, V. (2023). Differences between elite and professional male handball players in kinematic parameters of single fake movement. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 8(2), 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8020047
10. Caballero, C., Barbado, D., & Moreno, F. J. (2015). What COP and kinematic parameters better characterize postural control in standing balance tasks? Journal of Motor Behavior, 47(6), 550–562. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2015.1014545
11. Fransz, D. P., Huurnink, A., de Boode, V. A., Kingma, I., & van Dieën, J. H. (2015). Time to stabilization in single leg drop jump landings: An examination of calculation methods and assessment of differences in sample rate, filter settings and trial length on outcome values. Gait & Posture, 41(1), 63–69.