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Abstract
Javelin throw is a fundamental skill in physical education curricula, combining muscular strength, motor coordination, and precise technique. Despite its importance, many female students face difficulties in acquiring this skill due to a lack of individual guidance and structured training. This study aims to enhance quality of teaching in physical education colleges by presenting a distinguished teaching model, providing empirical evidence of effectiveness of educational packages in teaching complex motor skills, and improving students' physical fitness and muscular strength, thereby contributing to raising their overall athletic performance. The researcher used an experimental method with a two-group equivalent design using pre- and post-tests, as it is suitable for nature of problem being addressed. Research community consisted of first-year students at Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Muthanna University, during 2022-2023 academic year, total number of students was 120, distributed across six classes, sample was selected from first-year female students in two classes (A and B). Male students were excluded, as the research focused solely on female students. A limited number of students were selected to ensure equivalence of sample, resulting in a final sample size of 25 female students. Results showed significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores in all tests, favoring post-test scores, there were significant differences in post-test scores favoring experimental group, teaching using educational package, with its various tools and methods, contributed to improving learning of javelin throw and enhancing physical abilities associated with event, use of educational package was more effective than traditional physical education teaching method in teaching and improving technical performance and achievement of javelin throw among research participants.
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References
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- Bastawisi Ahmed Bastawisi: Foundations of Motion Theories, Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, 1996.
- Bastawisi Ahmed Bastawisi: Track and Field Races - Education, Tactics, and Training, Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, 1997.
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- Qasim Hassan Hussein and Iman Shaker: The Mechanical, Analytical and Technical Foundations of Field and Track Events, Amman, Dar Al-Fikr, 2000.
- Qasim Hassan Hussein : The Talented Athlete, Amman, Dar Al-Fikr, 1999.
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- Mohammed Jassim Al-Yassiri Principles of Educational Statistics: An Introduction to Descriptive and Inferential Statistics, Najaf, Dar Al-Dhiyaa for Printing and Design, 2010.
- Mohamed Hassan Alawi, Osama Kamel Rateb: Scientific Research in Physical Education and Sports Psychology , Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, 1999.
- Muhammad Subhi Hassanin: Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Education and Sports , Vol. 1, 2nd ed., Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, 2001.
- Mohamed Sobhi Hassanin and Hamdi Abdel Moneim: The Scientific Foundations of Volleyball and Measurement Methods for Physical, Skill, Cognitive, Psychological, and Analytical Evaluation, Cairo, User Saif Press, 1988.
- Marwan Abdul Majeed Ibrahim: Foundations of Scientific Research for Preparing University Theses. 1st Edition, Al-Warraq Foundation for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, 2000.
- -Mustafa Bahi: Scientific Transactions Between Theory and Application . Cairo, The Book Center for Publishing, 1999.
- Mustafa Muhammad Al-Sayeh: Modern Trends in Teaching Physical Education and Sports, Al-Isha’a Al-Fanniya Press, Alexandria 2001.
- Mervat Ali Khafaja: A comparative study of the impact of using some teaching methods in Physical education at the level of certain motor skills , published research, Journal of Theories Applications, Issue Thirteen, Faculty of Physical Education, Alexandria University, 1992.
- Najah Mahdi Shalash, Akram Muhammad Subhi: Motor Learning . Dar Al-Kutub for Printing and Publishing, University of Basra, 1994.
- Wajih Mahjoub et al.: Theories of Learning and Motor Development . Baghdad, Ministry of Education Press, 2000.
- Wajih Mahjoub: Principles and Methods of Scientific Research, Amman, Dar Al Manahij for Publishing and Distribution, 2001.
References
Ahmed Hussein Al-Laqani: Dictionary of Educational and Cognitive Terms in Curricula and Teaching Methods, Cairo, Alam Al-Kutub, 1996.
Bastawisi Ahmed Bastawisi: Foundations of Motion Theories, Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, 1996.
Bastawisi Ahmed Bastawisi: Track and Field Races - Education, Tactics, and Training, Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, 1997.
Khairia Ibrahim Al-Sukkari: The use of medicine balls for training programs for throwing competitions, Cairo: Amateur Athletics Bulletin, Regional Development Center, Issue 18, 1996.
Saeed Omar Adel Al-Rawi: The effect of two learning styles, mastery and inclusion, on learning swimming types, unpublished doctoral thesis, College of Physical Education, University of Baghdad, 2004.
Adel Fadhel Ali: The effect of using knowledge base systems in symbolic learning programs for learning offensive fencing skills, unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Baghdad: College of Physical Education, 2000.
Amer Fakher Shaghati and others: Applications of the principles and technical foundations of track and field games, Diyala, Al-Karrar Office, 2006.
Qasim Hassan Hussein and Iman Shaker: The Mechanical, Analytical and Technical Foundations of Field and Track Events, Amman, Dar Al-Fikr, 2000.
Qasim Hassan Hussein : The Talented Athlete, Amman, Dar Al-Fikr, 1999.
Kamal Abdel Hamid and Mohamed Sobhi Hassanin: Physical Fitness and its Components - Theoretical Foundations - Physical Preparation - Measurement Methods, 3rd ed., Dar Al Fikr Al Arabi, Cairo, 1997.
Mohammed Jassim Al-Yassiri Principles of Educational Statistics: An Introduction to Descriptive and Inferential Statistics, Najaf, Dar Al-Dhiyaa for Printing and Design, 2010.
Mohamed Hassan Alawi, Osama Kamel Rateb: Scientific Research in Physical Education and Sports Psychology , Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, 1999.
Muhammad Subhi Hassanin: Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Education and Sports , Vol. 1, 2nd ed., Cairo, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, 2001.
Mohamed Sobhi Hassanin and Hamdi Abdel Moneim: The Scientific Foundations of Volleyball and Measurement Methods for Physical, Skill, Cognitive, Psychological, and Analytical Evaluation, Cairo, User Saif Press, 1988.
Marwan Abdul Majeed Ibrahim: Foundations of Scientific Research for Preparing University Theses. 1st Edition, Al-Warraq Foundation for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, 2000.
-Mustafa Bahi: Scientific Transactions Between Theory and Application . Cairo, The Book Center for Publishing, 1999.
Mustafa Muhammad Al-Sayeh: Modern Trends in Teaching Physical Education and Sports, Al-Isha’a Al-Fanniya Press, Alexandria 2001.
Mervat Ali Khafaja: A comparative study of the impact of using some teaching methods in Physical education at the level of certain motor skills , published research, Journal of Theories Applications, Issue Thirteen, Faculty of Physical Education, Alexandria University, 1992.
Najah Mahdi Shalash, Akram Muhammad Subhi: Motor Learning . Dar Al-Kutub for Printing and Publishing, University of Basra, 1994.
Wajih Mahjoub et al.: Theories of Learning and Motor Development . Baghdad, Ministry of Education Press, 2000.
Wajih Mahjoub: Principles and Methods of Scientific Research, Amman, Dar Al Manahij for Publishing and Distribution, 2001.