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Abstract
This study aimed to identify impact of educational units based on Bybee 5Es model to develop some basic tennis skills. It also aimed to demonstrate effectiveness of Bybee 5Es model to improve performance of serve, forehand, and backhand strokes in tennis among national team players. The researcher used experimental method with a two-group equivalent design control and experimental as it was suitable for nature of problem to be solved. Study community consisted of 12 players from the national tennis team representing various Iraqi clubs, while sample was selected using simple random sampling. Educational units were implemented from 1/2/2026 until 1/5/2026, at a rate of two units per week, with a duration of 90 minutes for each educational unit, included 14 educational units. The researcher concluded from results that appeared that use of educational units using Bybee 5Es model had a positive impact to learn and developing selected skills in research compared to methods used by coaches, as Bybee 5Es model contributed to enhancing understanding and applying skills accurately and correctly. The researcher recommends adopting Bybee 5Es model as an important part of tennis training for players of different ages, applying this model in different sports, whether individual or group, and for both genders.
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References
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- Yasriuddin, Y., & Hudain, M. A. (2020). Application of Teaching Methods (Ball Reflection to the Wall, Throwing Machine, in-pairs) and Eye Coordination to Increase the Drive Beating Skills on Tennis. Journal of Educational Science and Technology (EST), 6(2), 117–125. https://ojs.unm.ac.id/JEST/article/view/12585
- Yulianto, D., Yufiarti, Y., & Akbar, M. (2019). A Study of Cooperative Learning and Independence: Impact on Children’s Prosocial Behavior. International Journal of Education, 12(1), 49–55. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/ije/article/view/17522
References
Bangun, S. Y., Irfan, M., Sinulinga, A., Nusri, A., Hasibuan, S., Setia, B., Handoko, A. H., Siregar, I., & Purba, P. (n.d.). A Skill-Based Training Approach to Improve Takedown and Defense Techniques in Beginner Wrestlers. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2026.140325
David J. Smith. (2003). A Framework for Understanding the Training Process Leading to Elite Performance | Sports Medicine. https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00007256-200333150-00003
Faber, I. R., Koopmann, T., Büsch, D., & Schorer, J. (2021). Developing a tool to assess technical skills in talented youth table tennis players—A multi-method approach combining professional and scientific literature and coaches’ perspectives. Sports Medicine - Open, 7(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-021-00327-5
Fukuda, K. (2026). A fundamental research on issues of baseball-type physical education classes in Japan: Through a review of practice-based research. Sustainability and Sports Science Journal, 4(1), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.55860/XZDO7563
Kasanrawali, A. (2021). Buku ajar teori dan praktik permainan tenis meja. Bening Media Publishing.
McCormack, C. (2020). A Principled Approach to Equipment Scaling to Enhance Skill Acquisition in Female Junior Basketball [Application/pdf,application/pdf]. https://doi.org/10.25907/00009
Priyambada, G., Hartono, R., Rusdiana, A., Raharja, A. T., & Ndayisenga, J. (2026). Bridging Physical Literacy: Multilateral Learning Methods in Physical Education to Enhance Motor Educability. Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 6(1), 36–49. https://doi.org/10.52188/ijpess.v6i1.1982
Riyadi, M. B., Nuryadin, I., Ardhiyanto, Y. D., Wijaya, F., & Demirci, N. (2025). Analysis of Skill Development in Throwing Placement for Indonesian National Boccia Athletes Through Structured Drill Training. Jurnal Moderasi Olahraga, 5(2), 385–396. https://doi.org/10.53863/mor.v5i2.1921
Sapta, A., Gafur, A., & Jameel, A. H. (2023). A Meta-Synthesis Of Virtual Reality In Learning In Indonesia. Jurteksi (Jurnal Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi), 9(2), 329–338. https://doi.org/10.33330/jurteksi.v9i2.2252
Sutiyono, B., Apriyanto, T., & Ilham, M. (2021). Aplikasi Penerapan Tes Dan Pengukuran Kondisi Fisik Untuk Atlet Desa/Kecamatan Pasawahan Kabupaten Kuningan Jawa Barat.
Vealey, R. S. (2024). A framework for mental training in sport: Enhancing mental skills, wellbeing, and performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 36(2), 365–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2023.2274459
Wright, D., & Torrey, G. K. (2001). A Comparison of Two Peer-Referenced Assessment Techniques with Parent and Teacher Ratings of Social Skills and Problem Behaviors. Behavioral Disorders, 26(2), 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1177/019874290102600207
Yasriuddin, Y., & Hudain, M. A. (2020). Application of Teaching Methods (Ball Reflection to the Wall, Throwing Machine, in-pairs) and Eye Coordination to Increase the Drive Beating Skills on Tennis. Journal of Educational Science and Technology (EST), 6(2), 117–125. https://ojs.unm.ac.id/JEST/article/view/12585
Yulianto, D., Yufiarti, Y., & Akbar, M. (2019). A Study of Cooperative Learning and Independence: Impact on Children’s Prosocial Behavior. International Journal of Education, 12(1), 49–55. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/ije/article/view/17522