Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 3 Download : 0

Main Article Content

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to prepare special exercises designed to improve psychological endurance and support the learning of basic football skills among female students. It also examined the effect of these exercises on psychological endurance and selected football skills.


Materials and Methods: The study used an experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design involving equivalent experimental and control groups. The sample consisted of 50 first-year female students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad, selected from a population of 110 students. The participants were divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 25 students in each group. The experimental group received special exercises for eight weeks, with two educational units per week, while the control group followed the traditional teaching program. Psychological endurance and football skill tests, including passing, ball control, and dribbling, were administered before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, and t-tests.


Results: The results showed significant improvements in psychological endurance and basic football skills in both groups. However, the experimental group achieved greater improvement than the control group in all post-test variables. These findings indicate that the use of special exercises was more effective than traditional exercises in developing psychological endurance and improving football skill performance.


Conclusions: Scientifically designed special exercises contributed positively to improving psychological endurance and learning basic football skills among female students. Integrating psychological preparation into football learning activities can increase confidence, motivation, active participation, and skill mastery.

Keywords

psychological endurance, football skills, female students, special exercises, physical education.

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Ali Sabah Addai. (2026). Effect of Special Exercises on Psychological Endurance and Learning Basic Football Skills among Female Students. Journal of Education and Sport Science, 7(2), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.31942/jess.v7i1.15747
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Abdul Muttalib wrote: Design standardization of two test batteries (physical-skill) for selecting young five-a-side football players in Baghdad aged (14-16) years, Master's thesis, University of Baghdad - College of Physical Education, 2011.
  2. Hamed Abdel Salam Zahran; Psychological Guidance Counseling, Cairo, Alam Al-Kutub, 1980.
  3. Zuhair Qasim Al-Khashab others; Football, Mosul, Dar Al-Kitab Printing House, 1988.
  4. Zainat Hassan Faleh Al-Jubouri, Abdul Ali Obeid Al-Fartousi; Psychological endurance its relationship to level of achievement in 400m sprint event, Journal of Studies Research in Physical Education, Issue 43, 2015.
  5. Saeed Nasou Saleh; effect of reality therapy method in reducing feelings of shyness among middle school students, Master's thesis, College of Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, 2001.
  6. Adel Fadel Ali; effect of using knowledge base systems in symbolic learning programs for learning offensive fencing skills, PhD thesis, University of Baghdad, College of Physical Education, 2000.
  7. Kamil Taha Lewis; Sports Psychology, Mosul, Directorate of Dar Al-Kutub for Printing Publishing, 1981.
  8. Majid Khadinish Asad; Building a battery of physical skill tests in five-a-side football, 1st ed., Amman, Dar Ghayda for Publishing Distribution, 2011.
  9. Shmidet . R.A. craig.A. Wrisberg. Motor learning performance. Second Edition , 2000.
  10. Abreu, R. M. de, Neves, V. R., & Cairo, B. (2024). Measurements of cardiorespiratory coupling applied to sports rehabilitation medicine: insights, implications perspectives. In Frontiers in Network Physiology (Vol. 4, p. 1370452). Frontiers Media SA.
  11. Alevras, A. J., Fuller, J. T., Mitchell, R., & Lystad, R. P. (2022). Epidemiology of injuries in amateur boxing: A systematic review meta-analysis. Journal of Science Medicine in Sport, 25(12), 995–1001.
  12. Bhattacharya, P., Chatterjee, S., & Mondal, S. (2022). Effect of karate on neurocognitive physiology: a focused review. Neurology India, 70(1), 11–18.
  13. Chaabene, H., Hachana, Y., Franchini, E., Mkaouer, B., & Chamari, K. (2012). Physical physiological profile of elite karate athletes. Sports Medicine, 42(10), 829–843.
  14. Cretu, M., Borysenko, I. V, Ushmarova, V. V, Grynyova, V. M., & Masych, V. V. (2021). Features of vascular regulation of students–future specialists in physical education sports of different sports specializations with different body lengths. Health, Sport, Rehabilitation, 7(2), 29–44.
  15. De Azevedo Sodré Silva, A., Sassi, L. B., Martins, T. B., de Menezes, F. S., Migliorini, F., Maffulli, N., & Okubo, R. (2023). Epidemiology of injuries in young volleyball athletes: a systematic review. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery Research, 18(1), 748.
  16. Durand-Bush, N., Baker, J., van den Berg, F., Richard, V., & Bloom, G. A. (2023). Gold medal profile for sport psychology (GMP-SP). Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 35(4), 547–570.
  17. Hribernik, M., Umek, A., Tomažič, S., & Kos, A. (2022). Review of real-time biomechanical feedback systems in sport rehabilitation. Sensors, 22(8), 3006.
  18. Irawan, F. A., Anjanı, M. R., Rahestı, N., Permana, D. F. W., Anam, K., & Prastıwı, T. A. S. (2024). Analysis of Step Length Walking Speed in Students with History of Ankle Injury: Walking Performance. International Journal of Disabilities Sports Health Sciences, 7(2), 452–457. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1401793
  19. Klocek, O. (2023). Psychomotor determinants of children’s sports talent for team sports: a case study of mini-volleyball athletes.
  20. Mao, Y., Zhao, D., Li, J., & Fu, W. (2023). Incidence rates pathology types of boxing specific injuries: a systematic review meta-analysis of epidemiology studies in 21st century. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 11(3), 23259671221127668.
  21. Miguel, M., Oliveira, R., Loureiro, N., García-Rubio, J., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2021). Load measures in training/match monitoring in soccer: A systematic review. In International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health (Vol. 18, Number 5, pp. 1–26). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052721
  22. Mutair, M., & Al-Krizi, H. (2025). CONSTRUCTING A PSYCHOLOGICAL EXHAUSTION SCALE FOR IRAQI PREMIER LEAGUE FOOTBALL CLUBS ITS RELATIONSHIP TO NEGATIVE EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR FOR 2024-2025 SPORTS SEASON. In Journal Olahraga ReKat (Rekreasi Masyarakat (Vol. 4, Number 1).
  23. Zemková, E. (2022). Strength power-related measures in assessing core muscle performance in sport rehabilitation. .Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 861582.
  24. Abdul Muttalib wrote: Design standardization of two test batteries (physical-skill) for selecting young five-a-side football players in Baghdad aged (14-16) years, Master's thesis, University of Baghdad - College of Physical Education, 2011.

Similar Articles

1 2 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.