Perancangan dan Pengujian Kolektor Surya Plat Datar Bergelombang untuk Pemanasan Air Domestik di Iklim Tropis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36499/jim.v22i1.15476Keywords:
absorber bergelombang, efisiensi termal, iklim tropis, kolektor surya, pemanasan air.Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengevaluasi performa termal kolektor surya plat datar dengan absorber bergelombang untuk aplikasi pemanasan air domestik di iklim tropis. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada tingginya konsumsi energi rumah tangga untuk pemanasan air serta belum optimalnya pemanfaatan energi surya di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan eksperimental melalui perancangan, fabrikasi, dan pengujian kolektor berukuran 2 m² dengan variasi laju aliran fluida sebesar 1,0; 2,0; dan 3,0 L/menit pada kondisi radiasi surya aktual. Parameter performa yang dianalisis meliputi laju panas berguna (Qu) dan efisiensi termal (η). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kolektor dengan absorber bergelombang mampu meningkatkan performa dibandingkan kolektor konvensional. Efisiensi termal maksimum yang dicapai sebesar 75,8% pada laju aliran 3,0 L/menit, dengan peningkatan efisiensi sekitar 25,5% dibandingkan absorber datar. Laju panas berguna meningkat hingga 26,3%, yang menunjukkan efektivitas geometri bergelombang dalam meningkatkan perpindahan panas akibat peningkatan luas permukaan dan turbulensi aliran. Selain itu, sistem mampu menghasilkan energi panas rata-rata sebesar 7,2 kWh/hari, yang cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air panas domestik dan berpotensi menghemat energi listrik hingga 1.898 kWh/tahun. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kolektor surya plat datar bergelombang merupakan solusi yang efisien, ramah lingkungan, dan aplikatif untuk pemanasan air domestik di wilayah tropis. Hasil ini memberikan kontribusi penting berupa data empiris dan rekomendasi desain yang dapat digunakan dalam pengembangan teknologi energi terbarukan berbasis surya di Indonesia.
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