Article Sidebar

Submitted
May 26, 2026
Published
June 25, 2026
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 0 Download : 0

Main Article Content

Abstract

This study was motivated by the low level of elementary school students' critical thinking skills, particularly in expressing criticism and opinions. A Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model was needed to actively involve students in critical thinking activities. The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of PjBL through the creation of two-dimensional artworks as a learning activity that helps students achieve the indicators of critical thinking. This study employed an Action Research (AR) approach conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The participants were 25 fifth-grade elementary school students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, while the data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques with percentage-based achievement indicators. The findings show that the use of PjBL improved students' critical thinking skills. In Cycle I, learning was carried out through the creation of two-dimensional artworks that presented environmental issues and were followed by group presentations. In Cycle II, the activity was strengthened through two-dimensional art-making and a mini-exhibition. The observation results showed an increase in students' critical thinking performance from 71% in Cycle I to 90% in Cycle II. All four indicators showed meaningful improvement, although one indicator still required further strengthening. These findings indicate that PjBL is effective in improving students' critical thinking skills.

Keywords

art pjbl learning poster PTK

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

  1. Alif, N. (2023). Penerapan Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar Seni Budaya dan Prakarya (SBdP) siswa kelas IV UPT SDN 18 Binamu, Kecamatan Binamu, Kabupaten Jeneponto. https://eprints.unm.ac.id/34105/. https://doi.org/10.70217/vsfbxk71
  2. Anwairi, U. (2021). Studi Kasus Asuhan Keperawatan Psikososial Pada Tn.M Dengan Masalah Kecemasan. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/ua4pm
  3. Azima, N. F. (2021). Pendidikan lingkungan hidup untuk siswa sekolah dasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Lingkungan Dan Pembangunan, 22(02), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.21009/PLPB.222.01
  4. Bowen, D. H. (2023). The Fine Art of School Engagement: How expanding arts education affects learning, behavior, and social-emotional growth. Education Next, 23(3), 48–54. https://www.educationnext.org/fine-art-of-school-engagement-how-expanding-arts-education-affects-learning-behavior-social-emotional-growth/
  5. Edwita. (2023). Stimulating Environmental Awareness among Elementary School Children Through Integration of the PJBL Art Model. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 2023(105), 70–83. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2023.105.005
  6. Fernandez, N. J. (2021). Using fine arts–based training to develop observational skills in veterinary students learning cytology: A pilot study. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 48(3), 295–300. https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.2019-0069
  7. Firdaus, I., Hidayati, R., Hamidah, R. S., Rianti, R., & Khotimah, R. C. K. (2023). Model-Model Pengumpulan Data dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. 1(2). https://riset-iaid.net/index.php/jpm/issue/view/111
  8. Firdaus, M. (2024). Strategi Pengembangan Profesionalisme Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. ELEMENTARY: Journal of Primary Education, (Query date: 2026-02-19 05:32:00). https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2bb2/92c1dc0926737352883f5e77c44ae5b0a483.pdf
  9. Hariani, F., Hidayati, V. R., & Mardiana, N. (2024). Peningkatan Kepercayaan Diri (Self Efficacy) Siswa Kelas Iv Melalui Penerapan Model Project Based Learning (PjBL) di SDN 31 Mataram. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 9(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v9i3.18184
  10. Ilhaq, M., & Hasan, H. (2025). Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek (Pjbl) pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Seni Pertunjukan Universitas PGRI Palembang Mata Kuliah Kritik Seni. Indonesian Research Journal on Education, 5(1), 870–877.https://doi.org/10.31004/irje.v5i1.2088
  11. Inayah, Y., & Sya, M. F. (2022). Kreativitas berpikir siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa Inggris di sekolah dasar. Karimah Tauhid, 1(3), 339–345.https://doi.org/10.30997/karimahtauhid.v2i2.7811
  12. Istianah, A. (2024). Pendidikan Kearifan Lokal dalam Pembelajaran PKn Sebagai Wujud Harmoni Perdamaian. Pelita : Jurnal Penelitian dan Karya Ilmiah, 24(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.33592/pelita.v24i1.4873
  13. Isvara, A., & Ismoyo, S. (2025). Arty: Jurnal Seni Rupa. (Query date: 2026-05-09 06:47:52).
  14. Jodhipati, M., Sayekti, I. C., & Tasmun, T. (2024). Peningkatan Hasil Belajar dan Sikap Percaya Diri Siswa melalui Model PjBL pada Siswa Kelas IV SD. FONDATIA, 8(2), 204–217. https://doi.org/10.36088/fondatia.v8i2.4699
  15. Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-67-2
  16. Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2015). Critical theory and critical participatory action research. The SAGE Handbook of Action Research, 453–464.
  17. Ketut Cindy Pratini, Putu Nanci Riastini, & Kadek Yudiana. (2024). Model Pembelajaran Two Stay Two Stray Meningkatkan Rasa Percaya Diri Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Journal of Education Action Research, 8(2), 332–339. https://doi.org/10.23887/jear.v8i2.77864
  18. Kurnia, B. (2025). Penerapan Model Project-Based Learning (PjBL) untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Siswa Sekolah Dasar pada Pembelajaran Seni Rupa. Jurnal Kiprah Pendidikan, 4(3), 593–603.https://doi.org/10.33578/kpd.v4i3.p593-603
  19. MacDonald, L. (2023). Co-Creating Fine Arts Learning: Decolonial and Intersectional Strategies. Routledge Companion to Decolonizing Art Craft and Visual Culture Education, (Query date: 2026-05-26 08:51:22), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003190530-13
  20. Mansoa, P. J. A. (2022). Service learning in Art and Health Projects (Faculty of Fine Arts, UCM). Encuentros Maracaibo (15), 81–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5979894
  21. Marinda, L. (2020). Teori Perkembangan Kognitif Jean Piaget Dan Problematikanya Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar. An-Nisa’ : Jurnal Kajian Perempuan dan Keislaman, 13(1), 116–152. https://doi.org/10.35719/annisa.v13i1.26
  22. Marni, Y., & Mayar, F. (2023). Mengoptimalkan Pembelajaran Seni Rupa di Sekolah Dasar: Strategi dan Praktik Terbaik. Didaktik: Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, 9(2), 2658–2667.https://doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v9i2.950
  23. McTaggart, R., Nixon, R., & Kemmis, S. (2017). Critical Participatory Action Research. In L. L. Rowell, C. D. Bruce, J. M. Shosh, & M. M. Riel (Eds.), The Palgrave International Handbook of Action Research (pp. 21–35). Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-40523-4_2
  24. Pangestu, C., Sujati, H., & Herwin, H. (2020). Pengaruh self-efficacy dan pengasuhan orang tua terhadap kepercayaan diri siswa. FOUNDASIA, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/foundasia.v11i1.32600
  25. Puspawati, G. A. M., Subiartha, S. N., & Rahmawati, M. (2024). Implementasi Model Pembelajaran PJBL Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Seni Tari SMA Negeri 8 Denpasar. Protasis: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Budaya, Dan Pengajarannya, 3(1), 128–136.https://doi.org/10.55606/protasis.v3i1.147
  26. Radeva, V. (2023). Educational Potential of E-Resources in Distance Learning in the Subject of Fine Arts. New Perspectives in Science Education International Conference, 2023(12). https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85216776343&origin=inward
  27. Raharjo, A. T. S., Susanto, M. R., Ratnasari, H., & Arumsari, M. D. (2025). Penerapan model PJBL tembang dolanan anak untuk peningkatan kecintaan terhadap budaya nasional di SDN Keputran A Yogyakarta. Adi Karsa: Jurnal Teknologi Komunikasi Pendidikan, 16(1), 38–46. https://publications.uni-ruse.bg/publication/29703
  28. Restian, A. (2020). Pendidikan seni rupa estetik sekolah dasar (Vol. 1). UMMPress. https://books.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=scwLEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA56&dq=pendidikan+seni+sekolah+dasar&ots=JvaoKMkvC3&sig=zcrJSei9neNxXxFdjq1gvm0wqJE
  29. Rios, T. C. D. L. (2025). Systematic review of critical thinking using artificial intelligence. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 9(3), 990–1001. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v9i3.5405
  30. Riyadi, A. (2019). Identifikasi Faktor Penyebab Siswa Kurang Percaya Diri Di Sd Negeri 2 Wates. https://journal.student.uny.ac.id/pgsd/article/view/14730
  31. Rukoyah, S., Nursobah, A., & Jaelani, I. (2025). Analisis peran pembelajaran seni rupa dalam mengembangkan kreativitas siswa sekolah dasar. Jurnal Intisabi, 3(1), 94–108.https://doi.org/10.61580/itsb.v3i1.181
  32. Suryandika, A. E., Jamil, A. M., & Wijayanto, W. (2025). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran PJBL Untuk Keefektivitasan Belajar Pada Mata Pelajaran SBDP. Jurnal Gentala Pendidikan Dasar, 10(1), 131–141.https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/gentala/article/view/38758
  33. Taswadi. (2025). Bibliometric Analysis of the Development of Publications in the Field of Learning Models and Fine Arts in the Form of Books and Articles using VOSviewer. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 50(2), 294–306. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.50.2.294306
  34. Usman, H., & Saputri, A. D. (2024). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) Terhadap Kreativitas Siswa Pada Muatan Pelajaran Seni Budaya Dan Prakarya (SBDP). Jurnal Inovasi Pedagogik Dan Teknologi, 2(2), 72–83.https://doi.org/10.70217/ynv7g919
  35. Warner, N. (2025). Art and science integration: A framework for assessing children’s visual art posters in environmental education. Environmental Education Research, (Query date: 2025-12-31 08:27:26). https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2025.2593362
  36. Winarni, E. W. (2024). The effect of integrating STEAM and virtual reality using PjBL on scientific literacy in elementary schools. Education and Information Technologies, 29(18), 24991–25011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12853-2
  37. Wiyono, H., Yusuf, A., & Rahayuningtyas, W. (2024). Pengaruh Model PjBL Pergelaran Seni terhadap Kompetensi Sosial Emosional Siswa. Journal of Language Literature and Arts, 4(4), 384–390. https://doi.org/10.17977/um064v4i42024p384-390