Main Article Content
Abstract
The rapid growth of the textile industry has led to the increasing generation of wastewater containing synthetic dyes such as methylene blue (MB), which are toxic, persistent, and resistant to natural degradation. In this study, TiO₂–layered double hydroxide (TiO₂–LDH) photocatalysts were synthesized using the coprecipitation method with an M²⁺/M³⁺ molar ratio of 3, followed by calcination at 300 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of the anatase TiO₂ phase and characteristic LDH diffraction peaks, indicating the successful formation of the TiO₂–LDH composite. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis revealed a specific surface area of 15.027 m² g⁻¹ with a hierarchical mesoporous–macroporous structure. The photocatalytic degradation performance was evaluated by varying the MB concentration (10 and 20 ppm), catalyst dosage (0.025, 0.05, and 0.10 g), solution pH (4, 7, and 10), reaction time (60, 90, and 120 min), and UV irradiation. The optimum degradation conditions were achieved at an MB concentration of 10 ppm, catalyst dosage of 0.10 g, pH 10, and a reaction time of 120 min under UV irradiation. Under these conditions, the TiO₂/MgAl photocatalyst exhibited the highest degradation efficiency of 95%, followed by TiO₂/MgZnAl (90%) and TiO₂/ZnAl (86%). The enhanced photocatalytic activity under alkaline conditions was attributed to the increased generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH), which accelerated the degradation of MB molecules. Based on the characterization results and photocatalytic performance, the TiO₂–LDH composites demonstrated excellent potential for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions and represent a promising alternative photocatalytic material for wastewater treatment applications.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Afandy, M. A., & Sawali, Fikrah Dian Indrawati. (2025). Uji Perdorma Kombinasi Zeolit Teraktivasi Dan Arang Aktif Pada Proses Adsorpsi Metilen Biru : Pendekatan Eksperimen Dan Pemodelan. Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Mineral, 1(4), 52–62.
- Berede, H. T., Andoshe, D. M., Gultom, N. S., Kuo, D. H., Chen, X., Abdullah, H., Wondimu, T. H., Wu, Y. Nan, & Zelekew, O. A. (2024). Photocatalytic Activity Of The Biogenic Mediated Green Synthesized Cuo Nanoparticles Confined Into Mgal Ldh Matrix. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1–13. Https://Doi.Org/10.1038/S41598-024-52547-W
- Burhanudin, B., Setyaningtyas, T., Riyani Jurusan Kimia, K., Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, F., Jenderal Soedirman, U., & Tengah, J. (2025). Penggunaan Komposit Zno/Perlite Untuk Fotodegradasi Zat Warna Metilen Biru. Jurnal Sains Dan Edukasi Sains, 8(2), 150–158. Https://Doi.Org/10.24246/Juses.V8i2p150-158
- Du, C., Xu, J., Ding, G., He, D., Zhang, H., Qiu, W., Li, C., & Liao, G. (2023). Recent Advances In Ldh / G-C 3 N 4 Heterojunction Photocatalysts For Organic Pollutant Removal.
- Dzurriatul Maghfiroh, Eva Monica, D., & Muhammad Hilmi Afthoni. (2022). Pengembangan Dan Validasi Metode Spektrofotometri Uv Vis Metode Derivatif Untuk Analisis Kafein Dalam Suplemen. Sainsbertek Jurnal Ilmiah Sains & Teknologi, 2(2).
- Feng, K., Liu, G., Zhang, Z., Liu, H., Lv, R., Wang, X., Chang, P., Lin, J., & Barakos, G. (2024). Fractal Strategy For Improving Characterization Of N2 Adsorption–Desorption In Mesopores. Fractal And Fractional, 8(11). Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Fractalfract8110617
- Islammiyati, A., Azwar, A., & Asri, A. (2022). Studi Pengaruh Penyinaran Lampu Ultraviolet Pada Kinerja Fotodegradasi Metilen Biru Berfotokatalis Tio2. Prisma Fisika, 10(3), 430–435.
- Mohadi, R., Ahmad, N., Wibiyan, S., Zahara, Z. A., Fitri, E. S., Mardiyanto, Royani, I., & Lesbani, A. (2023). Synthesis Of Zn/Al-Zno Composite Using Zn/Al-Layered Double Hydroxide For Oxidative Desulfurization Of 4-Methyldibenzothiophene. Science And Technology Indonesia, 8(4), 701–709. Https://Doi.Org/10.26554/Sti.2023.8.4.701-709
- Patiung, Grace. (2014). Penggunaan Karbon Aktif Cangkang Pala-Tio 2 Untuk Fotodegradasi Zat Warna Metanil Yellow (Vol. 3, Issue 2).
- Pavlovic, M., Huber, R., Adok-Sipiczki, M., Nardin, C., & Szilagyi, I. (2016). Ion Specific Effects On The Stability Of Layered Double Hydroxide Colloids. Soft Matter, 12(17), 4024–4033. Https://Doi.Org/10.1039/C5sm03023d
- Rohmatullaili, Ahmad, N., Savira, D., Erviana, D., Zultriana, Mohadi, R., & Lesbani, A. (2024). A Series Of Mgal Layer Double Hydroxide-Based Materials Intercalated With Clitoria Ternatea Flower Extract As Photocatalysts In The Ciprofloxacin Degradation. Chemical Physics Impact, 8(October 2023), 100587. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Chphi.2024.100587
- Thommes, M., Kaneko, K., Neimark, A. V., Olivier, J. P., Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Rouquerol, J., & Sing, K. S. W. (2015). Physisorption Of Gases, With Special Reference To The Evaluation Of Surface Area And Pore Size Distribution (Iupac Technical Report). Pure And Applied Chemistry, 87(9–10), 1051–1069. Https://Doi.Org/10.1515/Pac-2014-1117
- Wahyu, E., Dini, P., & Wardhani, D. S. (N.D.). Degradasi Metilen Biru Menggunakan Fotokatalis Zno-Zeolit.
- Wati, A. M., Mahatmanti, F. W., Jumaeri, J., & Prasetya, A. T. (2021). Adsorpsi Metilen Biru Oleh Abu Layang Batu Bara Yang Teraktivasi Menggunakan Proses Hidrotermal Dengan Bantuan Gelombang Mikro. Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia, 18(1), 58. Https://Doi.Org/10.20961/Alchemy.18.1.50935.58-69
- Yuliasari, N., Amri, Mohadi, R., Elfita, & Lesbani, A. (2022). Improvement Of Congo Red Photodegradation Performance Through Zn/Al-Tio2 And Zn/Al-Zno Preparation. Science And Technology Indonesia, 7(4), 449–454. Https://Doi.Org/10.26554/Sti.2022.7.4.449-454
- Yuliasari, N., Wijaya, A., Amri, Mohadi, R., Elfita, & Lesbani, A. (2022). Application Of M2+ (Magnesium, Zinc)/Alumina-Metal Oxide Composites As Photocatalysts For The Degradation Of Cationic Dyes. Ecological Engineering And Environmental Technology, 23(4), 125–135. Https://Doi.Org/10.12912/27197050/150374
References
Afandy, M. A., & Sawali, Fikrah Dian Indrawati. (2025). Uji Perdorma Kombinasi Zeolit Teraktivasi Dan Arang Aktif Pada Proses Adsorpsi Metilen Biru : Pendekatan Eksperimen Dan Pemodelan. Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Mineral, 1(4), 52–62.
Berede, H. T., Andoshe, D. M., Gultom, N. S., Kuo, D. H., Chen, X., Abdullah, H., Wondimu, T. H., Wu, Y. Nan, & Zelekew, O. A. (2024). Photocatalytic Activity Of The Biogenic Mediated Green Synthesized Cuo Nanoparticles Confined Into Mgal Ldh Matrix. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1–13. Https://Doi.Org/10.1038/S41598-024-52547-W
Burhanudin, B., Setyaningtyas, T., Riyani Jurusan Kimia, K., Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, F., Jenderal Soedirman, U., & Tengah, J. (2025). Penggunaan Komposit Zno/Perlite Untuk Fotodegradasi Zat Warna Metilen Biru. Jurnal Sains Dan Edukasi Sains, 8(2), 150–158. Https://Doi.Org/10.24246/Juses.V8i2p150-158
Du, C., Xu, J., Ding, G., He, D., Zhang, H., Qiu, W., Li, C., & Liao, G. (2023). Recent Advances In Ldh / G-C 3 N 4 Heterojunction Photocatalysts For Organic Pollutant Removal.
Dzurriatul Maghfiroh, Eva Monica, D., & Muhammad Hilmi Afthoni. (2022). Pengembangan Dan Validasi Metode Spektrofotometri Uv Vis Metode Derivatif Untuk Analisis Kafein Dalam Suplemen. Sainsbertek Jurnal Ilmiah Sains & Teknologi, 2(2).
Feng, K., Liu, G., Zhang, Z., Liu, H., Lv, R., Wang, X., Chang, P., Lin, J., & Barakos, G. (2024). Fractal Strategy For Improving Characterization Of N2 Adsorption–Desorption In Mesopores. Fractal And Fractional, 8(11). Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Fractalfract8110617
Islammiyati, A., Azwar, A., & Asri, A. (2022). Studi Pengaruh Penyinaran Lampu Ultraviolet Pada Kinerja Fotodegradasi Metilen Biru Berfotokatalis Tio2. Prisma Fisika, 10(3), 430–435.
Mohadi, R., Ahmad, N., Wibiyan, S., Zahara, Z. A., Fitri, E. S., Mardiyanto, Royani, I., & Lesbani, A. (2023). Synthesis Of Zn/Al-Zno Composite Using Zn/Al-Layered Double Hydroxide For Oxidative Desulfurization Of 4-Methyldibenzothiophene. Science And Technology Indonesia, 8(4), 701–709. Https://Doi.Org/10.26554/Sti.2023.8.4.701-709
Patiung, Grace. (2014). Penggunaan Karbon Aktif Cangkang Pala-Tio 2 Untuk Fotodegradasi Zat Warna Metanil Yellow (Vol. 3, Issue 2).
Pavlovic, M., Huber, R., Adok-Sipiczki, M., Nardin, C., & Szilagyi, I. (2016). Ion Specific Effects On The Stability Of Layered Double Hydroxide Colloids. Soft Matter, 12(17), 4024–4033. Https://Doi.Org/10.1039/C5sm03023d
Rohmatullaili, Ahmad, N., Savira, D., Erviana, D., Zultriana, Mohadi, R., & Lesbani, A. (2024). A Series Of Mgal Layer Double Hydroxide-Based Materials Intercalated With Clitoria Ternatea Flower Extract As Photocatalysts In The Ciprofloxacin Degradation. Chemical Physics Impact, 8(October 2023), 100587. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Chphi.2024.100587
Thommes, M., Kaneko, K., Neimark, A. V., Olivier, J. P., Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Rouquerol, J., & Sing, K. S. W. (2015). Physisorption Of Gases, With Special Reference To The Evaluation Of Surface Area And Pore Size Distribution (Iupac Technical Report). Pure And Applied Chemistry, 87(9–10), 1051–1069. Https://Doi.Org/10.1515/Pac-2014-1117
Wahyu, E., Dini, P., & Wardhani, D. S. (N.D.). Degradasi Metilen Biru Menggunakan Fotokatalis Zno-Zeolit.
Wati, A. M., Mahatmanti, F. W., Jumaeri, J., & Prasetya, A. T. (2021). Adsorpsi Metilen Biru Oleh Abu Layang Batu Bara Yang Teraktivasi Menggunakan Proses Hidrotermal Dengan Bantuan Gelombang Mikro. Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia, 18(1), 58. Https://Doi.Org/10.20961/Alchemy.18.1.50935.58-69
Yuliasari, N., Amri, Mohadi, R., Elfita, & Lesbani, A. (2022). Improvement Of Congo Red Photodegradation Performance Through Zn/Al-Tio2 And Zn/Al-Zno Preparation. Science And Technology Indonesia, 7(4), 449–454. Https://Doi.Org/10.26554/Sti.2022.7.4.449-454
Yuliasari, N., Wijaya, A., Amri, Mohadi, R., Elfita, & Lesbani, A. (2022). Application Of M2+ (Magnesium, Zinc)/Alumina-Metal Oxide Composites As Photocatalysts For The Degradation Of Cationic Dyes. Ecological Engineering And Environmental Technology, 23(4), 125–135. Https://Doi.Org/10.12912/27197050/150374