Governance and Transparency: Examining How Managerial and Institutional Ownership Shape Financial Reporting Quality
This study investigates the determinants of financial reporting quality by examining the effects of profitability, leverage, litigation risk, and firm size, as well as the moderating roles of managerial and institutional ownership. The study aims to assess whether ownership structure strengthens or weakens the relationship between firm characteristics and financial reporting quality among manufacturing companies in an emerging market. The research sample comprises 102 manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020–2024 period, resulting in 510 firm-year observations. Logistic regression analysis was employed to test two models. The results indicate that profitability has a significant positive effect on financial reporting quality, while litigation risk has a significant negative impact. Leverage, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership individually show no significant direct impact. However, the moderating model reveals that managerial ownership significantly moderates the relationship between leverage and financial reporting quality, suggesting that higher managerial ownership reduces the negative influence of leverage on reporting quality. Institutional ownership, however, does not significantly moderate any of the examined relationships. The findings highlight the role of ownership structure, particularly managerial ownership, as a governance mechanism that can mitigate the adverse effects of financial leverage on reporting practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Festival Riset Akutansi (FRA) IV
DO ACCOUNTANTS KEEP UP WITH TECHNOLOGY? EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA AND BRUNEI
This study investigates the influence of technology-related factors on the professional competence of accountants in a cross-sectional comparison between Indonesia and Brunei. Utilizing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework, the research examines the roles of Technological Understanding (X1) and Attitude Towards Technology Adaptation (X2) as predictors of Accountants' Role in Strengthening National Financial Resilience (Y) (professional competence). Data was collected from accountants in both nations and analyzed using an Independent Samples t-Test and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), implemented via Google Colab. The results of the t-test indicate a significant difference in mean professional competence between the two groups (p=0.006), suggesting that Indonesian accountants exhibit a higher average score in competence. The MLR analysis further revealed that the model is statistically significant in explaining competence in both countries (R2 >0.50 and F-statistic p<0.001). Critically, the study found that Technological Understanding (X1) is the sole significant and positive predictor of competence across both samples (β>0, p<0.001). Conversely, Attitude Towards Technology Adaptation (X2) was consistently found to be non-significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, while professional competence levels differ between Indonesia and Brunei, the key driver of this competence is not merely the acceptance or attitude toward technology, but rather the depth of knowledge and understanding of technology. This highlights an urgent need for professional bodies and educational institutions in Southeast Asia to prioritize comprehensive digital literacy training to ensure accountants remain relevant and capable of supporting national financial governance in the digital era. Keywords: Accountant Competence, Technological Understanding, Technology Attitude, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Financial Resilience, Indonesia, Brunei.
The The Implementation of the Performance Accountability Rules in Jambi Provincial Government Agencies from The Perspective of Institutional Theory
Purpose – Government performance measurement continues to be a focus point for both academic administration practitioners, with particular attention on performance measurement systems (PMS) as tools to improve governance. This study examines role of public accountability regulations on performance reporting within provincial government through the lens of neo-institutional theory, focusing on the alignment with mandates.. Methodology –This study explores the impact of Indonesia’s central performance regulations on local governance, using performance accountability of Jambi Province as a case to examine how such frameworks drive accountability, enhance efficiency, and respond to citizens' needs. Findings –Jambi’s experience offers actionable insights into the potential of performance systems as tools for systemic improvement. This work not only enriches the field of public performance measurement but also underscores the value of investing in robust accountability frameworks, making it a compelling study for sponsors Originality – This study provides new knowledge regarding the regulations that have been made by the Jambi provincial government to implement central government regulations.
Environmental Disclosure and Firm Value: The Moderating Role of Firm Size
This study aims to examine the effect of environmental disclosure on firm value. In addition, this study seeks to investigate whether company size can moderate the relationship between environmental disclosure and firm value. This study uses secondary data from annual reports and sustainability reports of energy sector companies listed on the IDX in 2021-2023. Using purposive sampling, 56 companies were selected, resulting in 168 firm-year observations. Panel EGLS analysis was conducted with E-views to test the hypothesis. The results of this study indicate that environmental disclosure has a negative effect on firm value. Furthermore, firm size moderates this relationship by weakening the negative effect of environmental disclosure on firm value. The findings confirm that environmental disclosure alone, without being accompanied by strong performance, is insufficient to enhance firm value.
A DECADE OF EARNINGS MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IN INDONESIA: A MAP OF RESEARCH AND ITS DEVELOPMENT
This study aims to map and analyze the development of earnings management research in Indonesia from 2016 to 2025, specifically in Scopus-indexed international journals, by providing a comprehensive overview of the direction, trends, and focus of the research. The approach used is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach combined with descriptive bibliography, with data collected through a search of scientific articles using the keyword "earnings management." The analysis focused on annual publication trends, research methods, the most frequently studied variables, and the theories and topics that dominate the literature. The results show that the primary focus of research remains on internal company factors and governance mechanisms, such as corporate governance, audit committees, ownership structure, financial performance, and leverage. However, there has been a shift toward contemporary issues, including Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG), corporate social responsibility (CSR), sustainability reporting, and earnings management practices. Basic themes, such as audit quality and earnings persistence, still require development, while CSR and ESG disclosure are emerging themes with opportunities for further exploration. Topics such as financial distress and the earnings response coefficient have begun to decline in popularity. These findings provide a map of scientific developments, indicate future research directions, and contribute to the development of accounting literature in Indonesia.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURE
This study aims to analyze the effect of corporate governance mechanisms on environmental disclosure among energy sector companies in Indonesia during 2021-2023 period. The governance mechanisms examined include board size, independent commissioners, audit committee, and managerial ownership. While, environmental disclosure is measured using environmental disclosure index based on Global Reporting Innitiative Standards. Firm size and firm age are included as control variables. Using purposive sampling, 65 companies (195 firm-year observations) were selected. Multiple regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The results show that board size, independent commissioners, audit committee, and firm size have a positive effect on environmental disclosure. In contrast, managerial ownership and firm age have no significant influence. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening corporate governance mechanisms to enhance environmental transparency and accountability.
The Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System Implementation on Operational and Environmental Sustainability in Indonesia's Palm Oil Plantation Industry
ABSTRACT Indonesia's palm oil industry contributes 4.5% to GDP and supplies 54% of the global market. However, it faces operational inefficiencies and environmental pressures, including deforestation and the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR). This study examines the impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation on sustainability. It addresses gaps in AI-enhanced tools for agribusiness. We used a quantitative survey of 200 respondents from palm oil firms. Structural equation modeling (SEM) in SmartPLS tested hypotheses on direct effects, mediation by employee perceptions (via Technology Acceptance Model, TAM), and moderation by technological literacy and firm scale. [ADDED: Sebut TAM dan SEM eksplisit untuk keywords metodologi.] Data analysis (n=200, 100% usable post-cleaning) supported all hypotheses: ERP positively influenced operational (β=.43, p<.001) and environmental sustainability (β=.40, p<.001). Partial mediation occurred (indirect β=.24–.26), with significant moderation. Findings highlight ERP's role in optimizing yields and compliance. We recommend subsidized training for smallholders to achieve Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) targets by 2025. Keywords: ERP implementation, palm oil industry, operational sustainability, environmental sustainability, SEM, Technology Acceptance Model, AI integration, Indonesia.
Beyond Compliance: The Synergy of ESG and Green Process Innovation as Determinants of Firm Value
This study aims to examine the impact of ESG Disclosure (X1), Green Process Innovation (GPI) (X2), and Company Size (X3) on Company Value (Y) in the energy sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2021-2024. The method used in this study is quantitative by utilizing secondary data from 144 samples analyzed through purposive sampling. For data analysis, panel data regression with a Random Effects Model (REM) was used. The research findings indicate that all proposed hypotheses are rejected. Through the t-test (partial), the variables ESG Disclosure, Green Process Innovation, and Company Size do not show a significant impact on their respective Company Values. The results of the F-test (simultaneous) also support that the three independent variables do not have a significant effect when tested simultaneously on Company Value.
The Effect of Supervisory Boards, Independent Directors, and Managerial Ownership on Dividend Policy
Using a sample of firms from the manufacturing sector of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. We examine the effect of internal corporate governance mechanisms-specifically supervisory boards, independent directors, and managerial ownership-on firms' dividend distributions. The data collected were analysed using multiple regression. We find a significant positive relationship between supervisory boards and independent directors on dividend payout, suggesting that the rise of board size and proportion of independent directors can increase payouts and cause changes in dividend policies. In line with the alignment effect of managerial ownership, our results support the positive relationship between managerial ownership and dividends.
Determinants of Reporting Timeliness: Evidence From Indonesia’S Food And Beverage Sector
This study analyzes factors affecting the timeliness of financial reporting in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2020–2024. Timely reporting is vital for transparency and investor decision-making, yet delays persist. The study examines the influence of profitability, leverage, liquidity, and company age using data from 30 companies (150 firm-year observations) analyzed with logistic regression via SPSS 25. Results show profitability and leverage negatively affect timeliness, indicating that profitable and highly leveraged firms tend to delay reporting. Liquidity shows no significant impact, while company age positively affects timeliness older firms are more compliant. The findings reveal that financial performance and firm characteristics influence reporting discipline, offering implications for regulators, auditors, and managers to improve compliance and enhance corporate governance practices
THE EFFECT OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE, LIQUIDITY, COMPANY SIZE AND MANAGERIAL OWNERSHIP ON EARNINGS QUALITY
This study aims to empirically examine the influence of capital structure, liquidity, firm size, and managerial ownership on earnings quality. The approach used is a method utilizing secondary data. The research sample was determined through a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 16 companies as research objects. Data processing was performed using the SPSS 25 program. The results of the study indicate that capital structure and managerial ownership have a significant negative effect on earnings quality. Meanwhile, firm size has a positive effect on earnings quality. Furthermore, the liquidity variable has no effect on earnings quality.
THE EFFECT OF SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, AND WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS ON THE PROFITABILITY OF FAST-MOVING CONSUMER GOODS (FMCG) COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE FOR THE PERIOD 2022-2024
Changes in global business dynamics require companies to not only focus on profit, but also pay attention to social responsibility and environmental sustainability through the application of the Triple Bottom Line concept, which emphasizes a balance between profit, people, and planet. The Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector is one of the sectors most vulnerable to sustainability issues due to its high production volume and use of disposable packaging, which has the potential to generate waste. This study aims to examine the effect of Sustainability Reporting (SR), Community Development (CD), and Waste Management Program (WMP) on the profitability of FMCG companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2022–2024. The research method used a quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis and a Random Effects model. Each sustainability variable was measured using binary indicators to represent the existence of the program being implemented, while profitability was proxied by Return on Assets (ROA). The results of the analysis showed that SR, CD, and WMP had no significant effect on profitability, either partially or simultaneously. The Adjusted R² value of -0.0047 indicates that these three variables only explain 3.6% of the variation in company profitability, while the rest is influenced by other factors outside the model. These findings confirm that the implementation of sustainability practices in FMCG companies in Indonesia is more oriented towards achieving social legitimacy and long-term reputation, rather than increasing short-term financial profits. Keywords: Sustainability Reporting, Community Development, Waste Management Program
A Conceptual Paper: Implementation of EMKM SAK On The Quality Of Financial Reports
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are a strategic sector in the Indonesian economy that contributes significantly to job creation and local economic growth. However, the implementation of accounting standards in MSMEs still faces challenges, particularly in terms of understanding, recording practices, and the preparation of appropriate financial reports. This study aims to assess the extent to which MSMEs in Semarang city implement the Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) and to analyze the factors influencing its implementation. The approach used is descriptive qualitative, utilizing survey methods and interviews with MSME actors. The results of this study are expected to provide a picture of actual accounting practices in the field and serve as a basis for the development of more effective accounting education and mentoring programs for MSMEs. Keywords: Accounting Implementation, Financial Accounting Standards, Financial Reports, MSMEs.
The effects of e-wallet usage, financial literacy, and mental accounting on Generation Z’s financial management
Effective financial management improves resource efficiency and supports sustainable development. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the effects of e-wallet usage, financial literacy, and mental accounting on the financial management abilities of Generation Z. As a generation growing up in the digital era, Gen Z experiences challenges in managing their finances due to the influence of social media and trends. This study employed a quantitative approach with a survey method on 111 students in Salatiga. The obtained data were then analyzed with multiple linear regression. The results demonstrate that e-wallet usage, financial literacy, and mental accounting have a positive impact on Generation Z’s financial management ability. Our findings support attribution theory, especially internal attributes, which emphasize the roles of knowledge, skills, and self-control in managing finances. The practical implications of this study lie in the importance of financial literacy, the use of e-wallets in financial planning, and the implementation of mental accounting to optimize fund allocations. This study also offers recommendations for e-wallet developers to design features that support financial planning and control.
The Impact of Sustainability Reporting and Green Accounting Disclosure on Company Financial Performance (Case Study of PROPER Participating Companies 2019-2023)
This study aims to analyze the influence of Sustainability Reporting and Green Accounting on corporate financial performance as measured by Return on Assets (ROA). The research data were obtained from the Ministry of Environment's PROPER report, annual reports, and sustainability reports of PROPER participating companies for 2019-2023. The analytical method used was multiple linear regression analysis with a significance level of 5%. The sample used in this study were mining and material companies participating in PROPER for 2019-2023, resulting in 40 research samples. The results showed that Sustainability Reporting had no significant effect on corporate financial performance, while Green Accounting did not significantly affect corporate financial performance. These findings indicate that sustainability and environmental accounting practices implemented by companies have not yet fully provided a tangible financial impact. Therefore, companies are advised to improve the quality of implementation and disclosure of sustainability practices in order to create economic value while strengthening corporate image in the future.
Synergy Digital and Social Assets : Analysis The Influence of Intellectual Capital and CSR on Sustainabel Competitive Sustainable Conventional Banks
This study examines how Intellectual Capital and Corporate Social Responsibility influence Sustainable Competitive Advantage in traditional Indonesian banks. In the banking sector, research on the synergy between these two elements is scarce. The secondary data used in this quantitative study comes from ninety-two observations of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2021 and 2024. Random Effects Model and panel data regression were used to analyze the data. The t-test findings show that Intellectual Capital has a positive and significant influence on SCA, with a probability of 0.0003. In contrast, CSR was shown to have no significant influence on SCA, with a likelihood value of 0.8408. It is determined that SCA (measured by ROA) is mainly driven by internal investments in efficiency and knowledge , whereas CSR is viewed in the short term as a cost that has no immediate influence on asset profitability.
Beyond Size and Politics: Why Administrative Responsiveness Matters Most for Municipal Transparency in Javanese Cities
Transparency and accountability of local governments in Indonesia still show significant variation. Previous studies tend to emphasise structural factors such as government size and political competition, but have not explored the role of administrative responsiveness. This study aims to examine whether administrative responsiveness provides a stronger explanation than traditional factors in determining the transparency and accountability of city governments on the island of Java. The study uses a quantitative design with panel data from 28 cities in Java during the period 2019-2023 (140 observations). Data were collected from the Board of Audit, SAKIP evaluations, public satisfaction surveys, and the General Election Commission. The analysis uses ordinal logistic regression to test the influence of government size, administrative responsiveness, and the political environment on transparency and accountability, with financial reporting quality as a control variable. The results show that government size and the political environment have no significant effect. Administrative responsiveness showed a marginally significant positive effect (β=1.569; p=0.092; OR=4.80). The most interesting finding was that the quality of financial reporting had a significant negative effect (β=-0.687; p=0.005), indicating a trade-off between formal audit compliance and substantive transparency. The findings challenge assumptions of resource determinism and political competition in governance. Administrative responsiveness, although not statistically significant, shows the strongest substantive association. The audit quality paradox reveals that formal compliance does not automatically result in genuine transparency. Practical implications suggest the need to focus on day-to-day operational practices and citizen-government interactions, rather than just structural capacity building. This study contributes by demonstrating the importance of behavioural dimensions in local government transparency. Null findings for traditional factors and paradoxical findings for audit quality open up a new research agenda. Future research needs to use larger samples, more refined measures of responsiveness, and designs that allow for stronger causal inferences to confirm the relationships found in this study.
Do Governance Mechanisms Drive Fraud Disclosure An Empirical Study of Indonesian Banking Firms
Fraudulent practices challenge the banking industry, especially in emerging markets. This study examines the determinants of fraud disclosure by analyzing managerial ownership, internal audit, financial distress, and whistleblowing systems in Indonesian banks (IDX) from 2019 to 2023. Using 155 firm-year observations from 31 banks, we applied the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Results reveal that managerial ownership, internal audit, and financial distress do not significantly affect fraud disclosure. Conversely, the whistleblowing system shows a significant negative association, indicating its preventive function in reducing fraud incidence and lowering disclosure frequency. Findings prove that whistleblowing system is a vital governance tool for mitigating information asymmetry. The study contributes to agency theory by emphasizing preventive governance mechanisms for transparency and accountability in emerging economies.
Analysis of the Application of Sustainability Accounting in Supporting Environmentally Friendly Zie Batik Businesses in Semarang City
This study looks at how sustainability accounting is used at Zie Batik, a small and medium-sized enterprise in Semarang City. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, gathering data through interviews and by observing the production process, the use of natural dyes, and how waste is managed. The analysis is based on the concept from Wiguna et al. (2022), which includes understanding, concern, and institutional support. The findings show that Zie Batik has applied sustainability principles by being efficient with resources, supporting the community, and using environmentally friendly production methods. The use of sustainability accounting helps reduce costs, makes environmental costs clearer, and improves the company's reputation in the market, which in turn supports the business's ability to stay resilient. These practices have a positive impact on the company's long-term sustainability and can serve as a model for other small and medium-sized businesses. Keywords: Triple bottom line, Sustainability Accounting, Environmentally Friendly Batik MSMEs, Green Accounting
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING TAX COMPLIANCE FOR MOTOR VEHICLE OWNERS IN JEPARA REGENCY
Purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of taxpayer awareness, taxpayer knowledge, tax penalties, modernization of the tax administration system, moral obligations, and tax access on taxpayer compliance in Jepara. This study uses descriptive quantitative research method. Population studied in this study is the people of Jepara aged 25-50 years who own motorcycles. The sample in this study uses Rao Purba formula with sample size of 96 respondents.Sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The data collection technique uses questionnaire measured with Likert scale. Data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. Results show that the variables of taxpayer awareness, taxpayer knowledge, tax penalties, and tax access have positive and significant effect. Meanwhile, variables of modernization of tax administration system and moral obligation had no effect. Simultaneously, independent variables had positive and significant effect on dependent variable of 47.5%, while 52.5% was caused by variables not included in this study. Keywords : Tax awareness, tax knowledge, tax penalties, modernization of the tax administration system, moral obligations, tax access, tax compliance.
A Conceptual Paper: Implications of Private Entity Accounting Standards on the Quality of Financial Statements
The purpose of this study is to analyze and examine the level of implementation of Private Entity Financial Accounting Standards (SAK EP) and their impact on the quality of financial statements in service companies, with a case study at PT Catur Sakti Abadi Indonesia (CSAI). The application of SAK EP, which is a simplification of PSAK Umum, is expected to improve the relevance, reliability, and comparability of private entity financial statements. This study uses a quantitative method with a causality approach. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to respondents in the accounting and management departments of PT CSAI. The collected data will be analyzed using Simple Linear Regression Analysis to test the effect of the SAK EP Implementation variable (X) on Financial Statement Quality (Y). This study is expected to identify gaps in standard implementation and provide theoretical contributions regarding the adoption of new accounting standards in the Indonesian private sector.
A Conceptual Paper: Internal Control System in Government
This study aims to examine the influence of human resource (HR) competence on the quality of local government financial reports, with the internal control system acting as a mediating variable. Using a conceptual approach derived from prior empirical and theoretical studies, this paper explores how competent human resources and effective internal control systems contribute to the improvement of financial reporting quality in local governments. The study emphasizes compliance theory as the underlying foundation, explaining how adherence to regulations and standards enhances accountability and transparency in public sector financial management. Findings from previous research suggest that HR competence positively affects the internal control system, which in turn mediates its relationship with financial reporting quality. This conceptual model is expected to guide future empirical research using quantitative approaches, particularly SEM-PLS analysis, to validate the proposed hypotheses
The Effect of Disclosure of Environmental Aspects (Environmental Disclosure) on Company Value: Empirical Study of the Coal Subsector on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2020–2024
ABSTRACT This research aims to analyze the effect of Environmental Disclosure (ED) on Values Companies (measured by Tobin's Q) in coal subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2020–2024 period. Driven by regulatory pressures (POJK 51/2017) and increased climate risks, the study examined whether environmental transparency translates into higher market value. This research used a quantitative approach with panel data from the 5 largest coal issuers (PTBA, ADRO, ITMG, BUMI, BYAN) selected by purposive sampling, resulting in 25 firm-year observations. Environmental disclosure is measured using the Environmental Disclosure Index (EDI) based on the GRI 300 standard, while Enterprise Value is measured with Tobin's Q. Control variables (Enterprise Size, Leverage and Profitability) were also tested. Data were analyzed using Panel Data Regression Analysis with the Random Effect (REM) model. The results showed that Environmental Disclosure (ED) had positive coefficients but did not statistically significant effect on Company Value (p = 0.198 > 0.05). On the other hand, Profitability (ROA) (p = 0.000) and Company Size (SIZE) (p = 0.002) have a significant positive effect, while Leverage (LEV) (p = 0.026) has a significant negative effect. These findings indicate that, in the context of Indonesia's coal subsector, investors still prioritize financial performance signals (ROA) over sustainability signals (ED). Environmental disclosure appears to be driven more by the fulfillment of legitimacy (Legitimacy Theory) than as a proactive strategy for value creation (Signal Theory). Keywords: Environmental Disclosure, Corporate Value, Tobin's Q, GRI 300, Coal Subsector, Signal Theory, Stakeholder Theory
Implementation of Agroforestry Technology and Postharvest Innovation in Strengthening the Sustainable Economy of Durian and Coffee Farmers in Brongkol Village
This community service project aimed to enhance the economic sustainability of Brongkol Village through the development of value-added durian and coffee products. Brongkol’s durian and Robusta coffee, key agroforestry commodities, faced challenges including low productivity, inconsistent quality, and a lack of postharvest management. The project utilized participatory methods, involving local farmers in training, mentoring, and technology application, such as solar dryers and Android-based coffee roasters. As a result, farmers improved their product quality, diversified their income through value-added products, and gained a deeper understanding of sustainable agroforestry practices. Additionally, the project contributed to the village's development as a potential agrotourism destination. The success of this program underscores the importance of collaboration between academia, government, and local communities, and provides a model for sustainable development in agroforestry regions across Central Java. Future efforts should focus on expanding market access and obtaining product certifications for long-term success.
Research Proposal: The Role of Digitalization in Moderating the Influence of ESG and Financial Slack on Company Value (A Study of Mining Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2022 to 2024)
Rapid changes in the business environment, globalization, technological advances, and the Covid-19 pandemic require companies to improve their performance and corporate value. In addition to financial factors, non-financial practices such as Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and digitalization are key to building investor confidence and corporate reputation. In the era of digitalization 4.0, digital transformation requires companies to improve efficiency, transparency, and ESG implementation more effectively. The mining sector was chosen because its activities have a significant impact on the environment and society, making the implementation of ESG and financial slack management strategic in maintaining corporate sustainability and value. This study aims to reveal how ESG and financial slack shape corporate value and how digitalization strengthens this relationship. The results of this study are expected to provide practical insights for management to improve innovation and sustainability, help investors make more informed decisions, and provide input for regulators in promoting sustainable business practices. Keywords : ESG, Financial Slack, Digitalization 4.0, firm Value, Mining Sector
Analysis of Revenue Recognition and Measurement Based on PSAK 72 in the Financial Statements of Gulala Azana Hotel & Resort
This study aims to analyze the implementation of revenue recognition and measurement in the financial statements of Gulala Azana Hotel & Resort and its compliance with accounting standards, particularly PSAK 72: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, documentation, and direct observation of the hotel's financial recording system. The results indicate that Gulala Azana Hotel & Resort has substantially applied the core principles of PSAK 72. Revenue is recognized on an accrual basis, specifically when services have been provided to customers, while advance payments are initially recorded as liabilities until the performance obligation is fulfilled. Revenue is measured based on the transaction value after considering discounts, vouchers, and taxes, and is allocated proportionally for bundled service packages. However, certain limitations remain, including the absence of formal written accounting policies and the lack of specific external audits regarding the application of PSAK 72. Therefore, it is recommended that the company formalize its accounting policies, enhance automation in the recording system, and conduct regular audits to strengthen compliance and financial reporting transparency.
Unlocking Tax Compliance: How Taxpayers’ Understanding Drives Digital System Success
This study examines how the Core Tax Administration System (CTAS) influences compliance among 151 MSME taxpayers in Semarang, Indonesia. Using moderated regression analysis (WarpPLS), the results show that while CTAS implementation directly boosts compliance, system quality alone does not. Crucially, taxpayer understanding acts as a key moderator, transforming the non-significant effect of system quality into a positive one and strengthening the impact of implementation. This underscores that technological success in tax administration hinges not just on the system's features, but on the taxpayer's ability to use it effectively. Policymakers must therefore pair digital rollouts with comprehensive education.
Study on the Implementation of the Average Effective Rate (TER) of Income Tax Article 21
The enactment of Government Regulation No. 58 of 2023 concerning the withholding rates of Article 21 Income Tax on income derived from employment, services, or activities by individual taxpayers introduces a simplified approach to the technical calculation and administrative procedures of tax deductions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the regulation’s implementation and to identify potential challenges arising from the transition in calculation methods. The findings are intended to inform recommendations, preventive strategies, and planning measures to mitigate foreseeable issues. The research involves collecting data on salaries, wages, and honorariums paid to permanent employees throughout 2024. Using this dataset, Article 21 Income Tax is calculated and compared across periods using both the Traditional Progressive Rate and the Average Effective Rate (TER) method.
Analysis Of The Financial Performance Of Islamic Commercial Banks Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Indonesia
Purpose - This study aims to compare the financial performance of Islamic Commercial Banks between before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. Design/methodology/approach - measurement using aspects of Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earning, and Capital from 5 Islamic Commercial Banks for the period 2018-2020. Data analysis technique using paired sample t-test. Findings - The results showed that there was no significant difference in the financial performance of Islamic Commercial Banks between before and during the covid-19 pandemic as measured by the FDR, Self Assessment, ROA and CAR ratios. Research limitations/implications - Banking managers need to remain cautious and anticipate fluctuations in banking performance. Originality/value - RGEC method as a performance measurement and observation year period before and during the covid pandemic - 19
Strengthening MSME Business Performance: A Conceptual Paper
This study aims to examine the influence of fintech, customer satisfaction, and the use of accounting information on the business performance of culinary MSMEs in the Aloon-Aloon Kauman Johar area of Semarang. A quantitative approach with a survey method was applied, with the population consisting of all culinary MSME owners in the area and samples selected using purposive sampling based on the Slovin formula. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire (1–5) and analyzed using multiple linear regression. This research is expected to contribute to the literature on Good Business Governance and MSME digitalization while providing practical insights for entrepreneurs in utilizing fintech, enhancing customer satisfaction, and using accounting information to improve business performance. The theoretical foundation of this study is the Economic Empowerment Theory, which posits that business advancement is achieved through increased access to resources, information, and technology.
A Conceptual Paper: Implementation of Green Accounting System on the Financial Performance of PT Kemasan Juara Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the effect of green accounting on the financial performance of companies. In an era that increasingly demands sustainability and improved service quality, companies are required to focus not only on financial aspects but also on environmental factors and customer satisfaction. The research method uses a qualitative approach with data collected through questionnaires distributed to company staff and customers. The collected data will be analyzed and processed using multiple linear regression to determine the influence of the variables green accounting (X1), company management (X2), and customer service (X3) on financial performance (Y).
Enhancing Financial Performance: A Conceptual Paper
Corporate financial performance is a widely researched topic due to its significant influence on economic growth. Many factors influence improved financial performance, such as capital structure, liquidity, and firm size. Therefore, in this study, capital structure, liquidity, and firm size serve as independent variables to examine their influence on the dependent variable, namely the financial performance of furniture and textile manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study uses secondary data, namely financial reports for the 2020-2024 period, with a population of 25 companies. Using a purposive sampling method, 20 companies were selected and analyzed using panel data regression. This study will contribute to the literature on corporate financial performance by examining the growth of furniture and textile manufacturing companies in maintaining their existence amidst dynamic economic challenges.
The Effect Of The Implementation Of Accounting Information Systems And Human Resource Competence On The Quality Of Financial Reports With Internal Control System As A Moderating Variable In Micro, Small, And Medium Salted Egg Businesses In Brebes Regency
This study aims to examine the effect of the implementation of accounting information systems and human resource competence on the quality of financial statements, with the internal control system as a moderating variable in micro, small, and medium salted egg businesses in Brebes Regency. The research methodology involves data collection techniques, consisting of observation, interviews, literature study, and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques consist of descriptive statistics, validity test, reliability test, normality test, regression equation test 1, and regression equation test 2. The results indicate that there is a simultaneous influence of the implementation of accounting information systems and human resource competence on the quality of financial statements in micro, small, and medium salted egg businesses in Brebes Regency and simultaneously the influence of the implementation of accounting information systems and human resource competence on the quality of financial statements with internal control systems as a moderating variable in micro, small, and medium salted egg businesses in Brebes Regency.
The Effect of Digital Payment on Financial Performance with Financial Literacy as a Mediation Variable (MSME Study in Tembalang)
Abstract This research aims to determine the effect of digital payment on the financial performance of MSMEs in Tembalang with financial literacy as a mediating variable using the Structural Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method with a sample of 91 respondents. Financial literacy is divided into two dimensions in this study: financial management capability and technology knowledge. The result of the study indicate that digital payment has a significant effect on the financial performance of MSMEs, and financial literacy is able to mediate the relationship between digital payment and financial performance. This study provides implications that high financial literacy can improve the financial performance of MSMEs with digital payments, and provides recommendations for MSME actors to improve financial literacy and adoption of digital payments.
THE EFFECT OF GREEN ACCOUNTING, COMPANY SIZE, AND LEVERAGE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN MINING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE FROM 2021-2024
This study aims to examine the effect of green accounting, company size, and leverage on financial performance in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2021 to 2024. This study is quantitative in nature. Green accounting is measured using environmental costs, company size is measured using firm size, leverage is measured using debt-to-asset ratio (DAR), and financial performance is measured using return on assets (ROA). The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with a total of 27 mining companies for the period 2021-2024. The data analysis technique uses panel data regression. The results of this study conclude that green accounting, company size, and leverage, both partially and simultaneously, do not have a significant effect on the financial performance of mining companies listed on the IDX for the period 2021-2024. Partially, all variables have a probability value above 0.05. Meanwhile, simultaneously, the Prob(F-statistic) value of 0.284242 (> 0.05) indicates that the three variables together are also unable to explain the variation in financial performance, which is supported by a low R-squared value (0.0356).
Digital Transformation in Accounting: The Role of Employee Competence and Infrastructure in Promoting Financial Transparency
Transformasi digital menuntut perusahaan ritel untuk meningkatkan transparansi laporan keuangannya, tetapi efektivitas masing-masing komponen digital masih menghasilkan hasil yang beragam. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh adopsi akuntansi digital, pelatihan karyawan, dan infrastruktur digital terhadap transparansi laporan keuangan perusahaan ritel yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2022 hingga 2024. Metode kuantitatif digunakan dengan data sekunder dari 25 perusahaan ritel BEI yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Analisis regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa infrastruktur digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, sedangkan adopsi akuntansi digital dan pelatihan karyawan tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Secara simultan, ketiga variabel tersebut membentuk model yang signifikan. Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa transparansi bergantung pada sinergi antara kesiapan teknologi, kompetensi sumber daya manusia, dan kualitas infrastruktur digital. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi praktis bagi perusahaan dalam merancang strategi digital yang berfokus pada peningkatan transparansi. Kata kunci: transparansi pelaporan keuangan, akuntansi digital, pelatihan karyawan, infrastruktur digital, perusahaan ritel.
Analysis of the Impact of Digital Transformation and Social Responsibility on Company Value: (Case Study of Consumer Goods Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2021-2024)
This study to analyze the effect of digital transformation and social responsibility on Company Value in the consumer goods sector in Indonesia for the period 2021–2024. The study uses a quantitative method with multiple linear regression analysis, where digital transformation is measured based on the digital maturity model (Deloitte, 2020) indicators and social responsibility is measured based on GRI indicators in annual reports and sustainability reports, while Company Value is measured using Price to Book Value (PBV). The results show that digital transformation does not have a significant effect on company value. Social responsibility also has no significant effect on company value. Simultaneously, both variables do not have a significant effect, with an R Square value of 21.5%, indicating that most of the variation in company value is influenced by factors outside the research model. This study concludes that digitalization and CSR efforts are not yet major factors affecting the value of companies in the consumer goods sector.
The Impact of Digital Transformation and ESG Disclosure on Finance
This study aims to analyze the influence of digital transformation and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure on the financial performance of energy companies in Indonesia. The background of this research stems from the inconsistency of previous studies and the increasing demand for digitalization and sustainability in the energy sector during the energy transition. This study uses secondary data obtained from the annual reports and sustainability reports of energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2021–2024 period, with a total of 157 observations. Digital transformation is measured using the Digital Transformation Index (DTI), ESG disclosure is measured using the GRI Standards 2021, and financial performance is proxied by Price to Book Value (PVB). Data analysis uses panel data regression with a Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach based on the results of the Chow and Hausman test. The results show that digital transformation has a significant but negative effect on company financial performance, while ESG disclosure has a positive and significant effect. Simultaneously, both variables have a significant influence with an R-squared value of 0.850, indicating that the model is able to explain variations in financial performance strongly. These findings underscore the importance of synergy between digital investment and sustainability practices as a strategy to strengthen the value of energy companies in Indonesia.
The Role of Management Accounting and Green Accounting in Enhancing Financial Performance: An Empirical Analysis of SMEs in Semarang
This study aims to analyze the role of management accounting and green accounting in improving the financial performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Semarang City. Management accounting focuses on cost management, budget planning, and performance analysis to enhance operational efficiency and profitability. Meanwhile, green accounting emphasizes the management of environmental impacts through energy efficiency, waste reduction, and responsible natural resource utilization. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through questionnaires administered to SME owners or managers and analyzed using multiple linear regression and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS). The findings reveal that management accounting has a more significant impact on financial performance compared to green accounting. However, the simultaneous integration of both approaches contributes more substantially to improving operational efficiency, profitability, and business sustainability for SMEs. This study provides theoretical contributions by expanding the literature on strategic accounting and sustainability in the context of SMEs in developing countries. Practically, the study recommends SME practitioners systematically adopt both approaches, while policymakers are encouraged to support their implementation through training, mentoring, and sustainability incentives.
The Effect of Accrual and Real Earnings Management on Financial Reporting Quality with Corporate Governance as a Moderating Variable
This study examines the effect of accrual and real earnings management on financial reporting quality, as well as the moderating role of Good Corporate Governance (GCG). Using data from transportation, logistics, and consumer non-cyclical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2020–2023, the analysis was conducted through moderated regression using SPSS 24. The results indicate that accrual earnings management has a significant negative effect on financial reporting quality, while real earnings management shows no significant impact. GCG effectively moderates the relationship between accrual earnings management and reporting quality but not for real earnings management. These findings highlight the importance of effective corporate governance in maintaining high-quality financial reporting. Future research is recommended to expand the industrial scope, observation period, and the comprehensiveness of GCG measurement.
Implications of the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technology on the Transformation of the Accounting Profession in the Indonesian Banking Sector
The rapid adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has reshaped the accounting profession, yet its specific impact within Indonesia’s banking sector remains underexplored. This study aims to analyze how AI transforms accountants’ roles across different banking types, employing a qualitative case study approach on state-owned banks (BRI and Mandiri), private banks (BCA), and digital banks (SeaBank and Bank Jago). The findings show that AI shifts accountants’ responsibilities from routine administrative tasks toward analytical and strategic functions, particularly in algorithm validation and risk management. The degree of implementation varies: state-owned banks struggle with legacy system integration, private banks emphasize reputation risks, and digital banks focus on cybersecurity challenges. These changes require accountants to develop new competencies, including data literacy, AI system understanding, and advanced analytical skills. The study concludes that AI both introduces new risk dimensions and strengthens risk mitigation practices, offering implications for professional adaptation strategies and educational policy development.
The Effect of Sustainability Report Disclosure and Environmental Performance on Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence From Energy Sector Companies in Indonesia 2020-2024
This study aims to analyze the effect of sustainability reporting and environmental performance disclosure on the financial performance of energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020–2024. The research approach used is quantitative with panel data regression analysis. The independent variables consist of the quantity and quality of sustainability report disclosures and environmental performance proxied by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while the dependent variable is measured using Return on Assets (ROA). The results of the study indicate that the disclosure of sustainability reports, both in terms of quantity and quality, does not have a significant effect on financial performance. Similarly, environmental performance has no significant effect on company profitability. These findings indicate that sustainability practices in Indonesia's energy sector are not yet fully perceived as a strategic factor influencing corporate financial performance.
The Development of Accounting from the Classical Period to the Digital Age
The development of accounting from the classical period to the digital era shows a significant transformation influenced by technological advances and business efficiency needs. This study aims to analyze the evolution of the accounting profession from manual systems to the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Business Intelligence (BI), Big Data, and Cloud Computing using a qualitative literature review method. The results of the study show that technological transformation has accelerated the financial reporting process from weeks to near real-time, increased data processing capacity to millions of transactions, and reduced error rates through automation and system standardization. These changes have also shifted the cost structure from manual labor to a more efficient digital subscription-based investment model. Technology integration has enabled the accounting function to evolve from historical recording to predictive and recommendative analysis that supports strategic decision-making. However, fundamental accounting principles such as double-entry bookkeeping, internal control, and audit trails remain intact. The study also highlights implementation challenges such as data quality, organizational resistance, and algorithmic ethics. Overall, accounting in the digital age serves as a strategic information system that supports transparency, sustainability, and organizational competitiveness amid the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE (ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE) OF ESG ON COMPANY VALUES IN ESG LEADERS OVER THE LAST THREE YEARS
This study aims to analyze the influence of environmental (X1), social (X2), and governance (X3) components on company value (Y) in companies included in the ESG leaders index for the 2022-2024 period. The study sample includes 17 issuers that are consistently included in the ESG leaders index and have ESG leaders and ESG risk [1]. The analysis method uses panel data regression with a random effects model approach as used in research[2] and [1]The results show that environmental, social, and governance variables have a positive but insignificant effect on company value, in line with [3]findings that ESG is not yet considered to add value to investors in Indonesia[3]. Thus, this study contributes as empirical evidence in the analysis of ESG implementation in the sustainable corporate sector in Indonesia.
The Influence Of Financial Performance And Corporate Governance On Disclosure Of Green Banking Practices
This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of financial performance and corporate governance on the disclosure of green banking practices in conventional banking subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2021-2023 period. This study is quantitative. The influence of performance is proxied using the variables (ROA) and (CAR) presented by the company in the Annual Report and Financial Statements. Corporate Governance is proxied by (Board of Commissioners Size) and (Board of Directors Gender Diversity). Disclosure of Green Banking Practices is measured using a dummy variable obtained from the GBDI and the company's sustainability report. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a total of 25 companies included in the Banking Subsector, for the observation period 2021-2023. The analysis technique was carried out using panel data regression. The results of this study indicate that the variables ROA, CAR, and Directors Gender Diversity do not significantly influence the disclosure of green banking practices, while the Size of the Board of Commissioners has a significant effect on the Disclosure of Green Banking Practices. The company with the lowest GBD is Bank Krom Indonesia at 9.6%, and the highest GBD is Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Timur at 18.8%.
Sustainability Accounting Transformation Through the Application of Digital Technology and AI: An Analysis of ESG Reporting in Energy Sector Companies Listed on the IDX in 2021-2024
This study aims to examine the extent to which the application of digital technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) affects the quality of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2021–2024 period. The research approach used is quantitative-descriptive with multiple linear regression analysis methods, based on secondary data obtained from annual reports and corporate sustainability reports. The analysis results indicate that neither digital technology nor AI has a significant influence on the quality of ESG reporting, either partially or simultaneously. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.125 indicates that these two variables only explain 12.5% of the variation in ESG reporting quality, while the remainder is influenced by other factors outside the model. This finding indicates that the application of modern technology has not effectively improved the quality of sustainability reporting, which is likely due to limited digital infrastructure, low levels of technological literacy, and the lack of integration of technology use into corporate sustainability strategies.
The Effect of Digital Technology Literacy and Sustainability Awareness on Accounting Students’ Understanding of Professional Ethics: Evidence from Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the influence of digital technology literacy and sustainability awareness on the understanding of accounting professional ethics among accounting students in Indonesia. The study employed a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey method. A purposive sampling method was used to determine the sample. The sample size was 100 students who had taken courses in accounting professional ethics and accounting information systems, and had experience in digital practices and exposure to sustainability issues. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that digital technology literacy and sustainability awareness, both partially and simultaneously, had a positive and significant effect on the understanding of accounting professional ethics. These findings confirm that students' ability to utilize digital technology ethically, combined with awareness of sustainability principles, improves their understanding and application of professional ethics principles. Practically, this study provides implications for the development of an accounting curriculum that is adaptive to digital transformation and strengthens the ethical foundations for aspiring professional accountants in the modern era. Keywords: digital literacy, sustainability awareness, accounting professional ethics, accounting students.
Analysis of Factors Influencing the Quality of Sustainability Reports in Mining Companies Listed on the IDX in 2020–2024
The Sustainable Development Goals (TPBs/SDGs) are sustainable development agreements based on human rights and equality. TPB/SDGs have Universal, Integration and Inclusive principles, to ensure that no one is left behind or is called No One Left Behind. Disclosure of financial reports is support from economic entities in achieving SDGs goals. Sustainability reports are one of the media as a means of communicating an entity's responsibility towards economic, social and environmental aspects. This research aims to analyze what factors influence the quality of disclosure in sustainability reports in order to support the SDGs agenda. The data used are annual financial reports and sustainability reports which have been published through the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2024 period in Mining and Energy Companies. The research results show that Leverage has no effect on the sustainable report, female directors have no effect on the sustainable report and company size has an effect on the sustainable report. From the model test results, an R Square value of 0.628% was obtained. This research model is quite good because it is able to test more than 50%, while 37.25 is a variable outside this research
The Influence of Profitability, Firm Size, Leverage, and Liquidity on Sustainability Report Disclosure in Companies Listed on the LQ45 Index for the Period 2021-2024
This study aims to analyze the influence of Profitability, Firm Size, Leverage, and Liquidity on Sustainability Report disclosure in companies listed on the LQ45 Index during the 2021–2024 period. The research is motivated by the increasing emphasis on sustainability practices in Indonesia following the implementation of POJK 51/2017, while the level of sustainability reporting among companies remains inconsistent. A quantitative approach using secondary data was applied, obtained from annual reports and sustainability reports of 18 selected companies, resulting in 72 observations. Data analysis was conducted using Fixed Effect regression, selected based on the results of the Chow Test and Hausman Test. The findings reveal that Firm Size and Liquidity have a positive and significant effect on Sustainability Report disclosure, while Profitability and Leverage show no significant influence. Simultaneously, all independent variables significantly affect the disclosure level. These results highlight that company size and liquidity conditions are key factors driving sustainability transparency among LQ45 companies.
The Effect Of Financial Distress And Company Growth On Going Concern Audit Opinion (Empirical Study of Financial Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2021–2023)
This study aimed to study how financial distress and company growth affected the going concern audit opinion. Object of this study were financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2021 to 2023. This study was based on inconsistent findings and an increased risk of business failure in the financial sector due to economic changes and market fluctuations. Therefore, auditors were required to reassess the company's ability to maintain its business continuity. Of the 108 companies, 27 were selected as samples using a purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression in SPSS Version 25. The results indicated that financial distress had a positive and significant effected on the going concern audit opinion, and company growth did not affect the going concern audit opinion. These results indicated that financial condition was the primary factor auditors considered when assessing a company's business sustainability.
Factors Influencing the Implementation of Accounting in MSMEs: Understanding, Concern, and Institutional Support (Case Study on MSMEs in Demak)
This study aims to examine various factors influencing the implementation of sustainability accounting among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), particularly in the food sector operating in Demak Regency. This study focuses on three main components: the level of understanding of the concept of sustainability accounting among MSMEs, their concern for the social and environmental dimensions, and the support provided by various external institutions. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods through in-depth interviews and field observations. The results show that the implementation of sustainability accounting among MSMEs in Demak is still low. Understanding and implementation of socio-environmental aspects are not optimal, while institutional support is limited so that the concept of sustainability has not been integrated into accounting practices. It is hoped that the results of this study can provide a comprehensive picture of the extent to which MSMEs in Demak understand and implement sustainability accounting principles and the factors that influence the implementation process. Keywords: sustainability accounting, MSMEs, understanding, care, institutional support.