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Abstract
This study aims to identify the types of defects occurring in hydroponic lettuce and to analyze their causal factors using a fishbone diagram. Data were collected through direct observation during the cultivation and postharvest stages at CV. BWS Hydroponics. The findings revealed that the most frequent defects were torn leaves (6%) and perforated leaves (2%) out of a total harvest of 1,735 leaves. The fishbone analysis indicated that these defects were influenced by three main factors: human, method, and environment. Human factors included a lack of attentiveness during harvesting and sorting, while methodological factors were related to careless packaging techniques and limited storage containers. Environmental factors contributing to defects included pest infestations, such as grasshoppers and Spodoptera litura, as well as frog-eye spot disease (Cercospora sp.), which was exacerbated by high rainfall. The results further showed that CV. BWS Hydroponics performed relatively better compared to previous studies, as only two types of leaf defects were identified. This advantage was supported by more responsive pest control and postharvest handling practices. Recommended improvements include enhancing worker skills, implementing more disciplined standard operating procedures (SOPs), selecting appropriate storage containers, adopting preventive pest control measures, and optimizing plant spacing to reduce humidity. Therefore, the comprehensive implementation of these corrective strategies is expected to improve the quality and competitiveness of hydroponic lettuce in the market.
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References
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References
Apriana, N., & Fariyanti, A. (2017). "Preferensi Risiko Petani Padi Di Daerah Aliran Sungai Bengawan Solo , Kabupaten Bojonegoro , Provinsi Jawa Timur". Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis, Vol 14 No. 2, 165–173. https://doi.org/10.17358/JMA.14.2.165
Ariefinsyah, H., Harisudin, M., & Agustono. (2019). "Aplikasi Fishbone Analysis Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Selada Pada CV. Tani Organik Merapi Kabupaten Sleman Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta". AGRISTA, Vol 7 No. 4, 167–186.
Aristriyana, E., & Ahmad Fauzi, R. (2023). "Analisis Penyebab Kecacatan Produk Dengan Metode Fishbone Diagram Dan Failure Mode Effect Analysis (Fmea) Pada Perusahaan Elang Mas Sindang Kasih Ciamis". Jurnal Industrial Galuh Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 75–85. https://doi.org/10.25157/jig.v4i2.3021
Eprianda, D., Prasmatiwi, F. E., & Suryani, A. (2017). "Efisiensi Produksi Dan Analisis Risiko Budidaya Selada Keriting Hijau dan Selada" JIIA, Vol 5 No. 3, 242–249.
Ichdayati, L. I., Abhirama, M. M., Humaera, A. D., Zulmanery, Z., & Mahbubi, A. (2025). "Preventive Risk Management Strategy for Hydroponic Lettuce Production At Cv Spirit Wira Utama Tangerang Selatan Banten". SEPA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, Vol 22 No.1, https://doi.org/10.20961/sepa.v22i1.86437
IndexBox. (2025). Indonesia - Lettuce and Chicory - Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights Please. https://www.indexbox.io/store/indonesia-lettuce-and-chicory-market-analysis-forecast-size-trends-and-insights/
Ishikawa, K. (1986). Guide to Quality Control. Asian Productivity Organization.
Listiyowati, A., & Setiawati, I. (2025). "Analisis Risiko Teknologi Produksi Jamur Kancing Menggunakan Fishbone Analysis di PT Eka Timur Raya II, Kabupaten Brebes" Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Teknologi Indonesia, Vol 4 No. 7, 333–340. https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jpti.552
Masitah, M., Syahrir, S., Amin, M., & Mandeva, P. (2021). "Analisis Kelayakan Usahatani Selada Hidroponik Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Kabupaten Kolaka" Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 20(2), 343–354. https://doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.20.2.343-354
Rajaseger, G. (2023). "Hydroponics: Current Trends In Sustainable Crop Production" Bioinformation, Vol 19, No. 9, 925–938. https://doi.org/10.6026/97320630019925
Rusu, T., Moraru, P. I., & Mintas, O. S. (2021). "Influence Of Environmental And Nutritional Factors On The Development Of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) Microgreens Grown In A Hydroponic System: A review. " Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca (Vol. 49, Issue 3, pp. 1–15). https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha49312427