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Abstract
Equitable healthcare services require the support of information systems capable of presenting data spatially and being easily accessible to decision-makers. However, most of the geographic information systems currently in use still rely on server-based architecture and centralized databases, which demand technical resources and infrastructure that are not always available at the regional level. This research aims to design a client-side WebGIS system to analyze the distribution of healthcare services in Sukabumi Regency. The system was developed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript technologies with the use of LeafletJS and OpenStreetMap as the base map, as well as GeoJSON and Google Sheets as sources of dynamic spatial and non-spatial data. The client-side processing approach allows the entire process of visualization and spatial analysis to be carried out on the client side without reliance on the database server. The implementation results show that the system is capable of presenting interactive maps, facility distribution analysis, and identifying areas with unmet healthcare service needs. The novelty of this research lies in the implementation of a lightweight, flexible, and easily replicable client-side WebGIS architecture, making it suitable for institutions with limited technical resources in the development of spatial information systems.
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References
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References
Burrough, P. A., McDonnell, R. A., & Lloyd, C. D. (2015). Principles of geographical information systems (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cromley, E. K., & McLafferty, S. L. (2012). GIS and public health (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
Haklay, M., & Weber, P. (2008). OpenStreetMap: User-generated street maps. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 7(4), 12–18.
ISO/IEC. (2020). ISO/IEC 25010: Systems and software quality models. International Organization for Standardization.
Koukoletsos, T., Haklay, M., & Ellul, C. (2012). An analysis of OpenStreetMap accuracy. Journal of Geospatial Information Science, 5(2), 1–14.
Kessler, F. C., & Slocum, T. A. (2020). Design principles for effective interactive web maps. Journal of Spatial Information Science, 20, 1–22.
Leaflet. (2023). Leaflet: An open-source JavaScript library for mobile-friendly interactive maps. https://leafletjs.com
Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J., & Rhind, D. W. (2015). Geographic information science and systems (4th ed.). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
Noor, A. M., Alegana, V. A., Gething, P. W., Tatem, A. J., & Snow, R. W. (2008). Using remotely sensed data to identify health service gaps. International Journal of Health Geographics, 7(1), 1–12.
Peterson, M. P. (2014). Web mapping and geospatial visualization. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 41(2), 91–102.
Peterson, M. P. (2020). Web cartography and visualization: New directions in mapping. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 47(2), 99–110.
Putra, R. D., & Suryanto, T. (2022). Implementasi WebGIS untuk pemetaan fasilitas pelayanan publik. Jurnal RESTI, 6(4), 682–690.
QGIS Development Team. (2023). QGIS geographic information system. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project.
Roth, R. E. (2013). Interactive maps: What we know and what we need to know. Journal of Spatial Information Science, 6, 59–115.
Tsou, M. H. (2011). Research challenges and opportunities in Web GIS. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 38(1), 1–6.
Tomlin, C. D. (1990). Geographic information systems and cartographic modeling. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
Tanser, F., et al. (2020). Applications of GIS in health service accessibility analysis. International Journal of Health Geographics, 19(1).