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August 12, 2025
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January 1, 2025
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Abstract

This research focuses on optimizing the extraction of flavonoid compounds from turi (Sesbania grandiflora) leaves using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and response surface methodology (RSM). Turi leaves were selected due to their abundance, ease of availability, and potential as a natural antibacterial source, making them a cost-effective material. The aim was to determine the optimal extraction conditions for flavonoids. RSM was applied using a design of experiment (DOE) to set the parameter limits: temperature (40°C–60°C), time (10–30 minutes), and solvent volume (100–200 mL of 95% ethanol). Flavonoid content was analyzed using the AlCl₃ colorimetric method. Experimental flavonoid yields ranged from 0.026 to 0.349 mg QE/g sample. The highest yield, 0.349 mg QE/g, was obtained at 60°C, 10 minutes, and 200 mL ethanol. Optimization results using RSM suggested the best extraction conditions were 66.82°C, 3.18 minutes, and 234.09 mL ethanol, with a predicted flavonoid content of 0.445 mg QE/g. These findings confirm UAE as an efficient method for extracting flavonoids from turi leaves under optimized conditions.

Keywords

Optimization RSM Ultrasonic wave Flavonoid

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