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November 7, 2026
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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels due to metabolic disorders. Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) are treatment-related conditions that can lead to therapy failure, worsen glycaemic control, prolong hospitalization, and increase morbidity. This study aimed to identify DRPs in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus hospitalized at General Hospital X during 2024. This retrospective descriptive study analysed medical records of 100 patients selected from 4,779 hospitalized diabetes patients in 2024. Data were analysed using Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) V.9.1 parameters focusing on problem and cause domains, then processed with SPSS. Most patients were female (61%) with the highest age group being 51-60 years (46%). The most common comorbidity was hypertension (42.26%). Treatment patterns were dominated by insulin aspart (NovoRapid) (29.12%) and metformin (25.82%). DRPs were identified in 33 patients (33%) with 49 total incidents. The most dominant category was treatment safety problems (P2) with 33 cases (67.34%), consisting of 1 adverse drug reaction and 32 potential drug interactions that could compromise patient safety and glycaemic stability. Other categories included drug selection problems (C1) in 11 cases (22.44%): 10 drugs without indication (C1.3) and 1 therapy duplication (C1.5); treatment effectiveness problems (P1) in 4 cases (8.16%) related to untreated indications (P3.1); and dose selection problems (C3) in 1 case (2.04%) involving insufficient dosage (C3.1). The predominance of treatment safety issues underscores the need for pharmaceutical care interventions in hospitalized diabetic patients.

Keywords

drug-related problems (DRPs) hospitalization pharmaceutical care network europe type 2 diabetes mellitus

Article Details

Copyright (c) 2026 Hafiidz Salam Arrosyiid Arrosyiid, Rolando Rahardjoputro, Agnes Prawistya Sari, Eersta Zusvita Widyastuti

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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